Garlic and corn are typically cultivated in a one-year, two-crop rotation system. This method yields approximately 750 kilograms of garlic sprouts per mu, 850 kilograms of garlic, and 700 kilograms of corn, with a total output value reaching 3,770 yuan per mu. The process is carefully planned to maximize both yield and efficiency.
In mid to late September, 18 rows of garlic are planted in a 3.6-meter-wide loquat field. The spacing between rows is either 18.5 cm or 25 cm (with 25 cm used for corn intercropping), and the plant spacing is set at 8 cm, resulting in about 40,000 plants per mu. Garlic sprouts are harvested in early May of the following year, while full-grown garlic is harvested by late May. In late April and early May, five rows of corn are interplanted among the garlic rows, spaced 80 cm apart with 25 cm between each plant, totaling around 3,300 plants per mu. Corn is harvested in early September.
For garlic varieties, it's essential to choose species suitable for ecological conditions, such as Sheyang white garlic. Before harvesting, the garlic must be selected carefully. After harvesting, the seeds are dried for 2–3 days and then peeled. It's best to sow on a sunny day after soaking the seeds in a 50% carbendazim solution diluted 500 times for 10–12 hours. After drying, they are ready for planting.
Soil preparation involves selecting sandy loam rich in organic matter and nutrients. After the previous crop is harvested, the soil is tilled to a depth of about 20 cm and left to rest for over 15 days. Before sowing, fertilization is carried out using 2,000–2,500 kg of composted manure per mu, along with 75–100 kg of well-rotted cake fertilizer and 50–60 kg of specialized garlic fertilizer. All materials are mixed thoroughly and spread evenly across the field.
Sowing timing is critical, especially in coastal areas. Garlic is usually sown between September 15 and 25 to ensure the plants reach the wintering standard: a height of 25 cm, six leaves, one heart, more than 30 roots, and a pseudostem thickness of 1 cm. Garlic is planted in furrows 6–7 cm deep, with proper row spacing and uniform direction. After planting, ridges and furrows are formed, and the top of the cloves are covered with 3–4 cm of soil.
Before seedlings emerge, herbicides are applied. For every acre, 50–70 ml of 24% Goer EC or 100–120 ml of 42% Garlic Grass Net is mixed with 50 kg of water and sprayed. Straw is then laid over the field at a rate of 200–250 kg per mu to suppress weeds and retain moisture.
The fertilization and irrigation strategy follows the principle of “stabilizing phosphorus, controlling nitrogen, and increasing potassium.†After applying base fertilizer, additional topdressing is done according to the stages: light application during the seedling stage, early winter fertilizer, timely green manure, and reapplication before bulb formation. For example, at the 2–3 leaf stage, 10 kg of urea or 1,500 kg of decomposed manure water is applied. Winter fertilizer includes 15–20 kg of urea per mu, combined with antifreeze irrigation. Green manure is applied in mid-March with 15 kg of urea or 40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. During the middle of April, when the sheath leaves appear, 20 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium sulfate or 45% compound fertilizer is used. Finally, after harvesting garlic, 5 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to promote bulb development.
Pest and disease control focuses on managing the main issues: garlic leaf blight, garlic rust, and garlic smelly rot. For garlic sprout diseases, 50% phoxim diluted 1,000 times is used for root treatment. For leaf blight, a 75% chlorothalonil solution diluted 600 times, or a 25% copper oxychloride solution diluted 1,000 times, is sprayed every seven days for two to three applications.
Harvesting occurs when the garlic stalks are about 25 cm long, with white stems and a slight curve. Typically, this happens in early May. After 18–20 days, when most of the leaves have dried and the plants feel soft, the garlic is ready for harvest, ensuring the pseudostems are not easily broken.
For corn, the variety Denghai No. 3 is preferred due to its high yield, strong resistance to pests like corn borer, and tolerance to rough dwarf disease. Sowing takes place in late April to early May of the second year, with two healthy seeds planted per hole, totaling about 3,300 holes per mu. Seedlings are thinned promptly after garlic harvest to avoid weak growth, leaving one plant per hole.
Watering is managed based on soil moisture, and due to residual fertilizer from the previous crop, no extra seedling fertilizer is needed. During the big bell mouth stage, 15–20 kg of urea per mu is applied. Two days before tasselling, 25 ml of corn sorghum pesticide is sprayed on the upper leaves to control pests. Monitoring and timely intervention are crucial during this period to ensure a successful harvest.
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