Garlic and corn are cultivated in a one-year, two-crop rotation system, yielding approximately 750 kg of garlic shoots per mu, 850 kg of garlic, and 700 kg of corn, with a total output value of around 3,770 yuan per mu. This integrated farming method not only maximizes land use but also enhances economic returns for farmers.
In mid to late September, 18 rows of garlic are planted in a 3.6-meter wide loquat field, with a row spacing of either 18.5 cm or 25 cm (for corn intercropping at 25 cm), and a plant spacing of 8 cm, resulting in about 40,000 plants per mu. Garlic sprouts are harvested in early May of the following year, while full-sized garlic is ready for harvest by late May. In late April and early May, five rows of corn are interplanted between the garlic rows, spaced 80 cm apart, with 25 cm between plants, totaling 3,300 plants per mu. Corn is typically harvested in early September.
For garlic cultivation, high-quality varieties such as Sheyang white garlic are selected, known for their adaptability to ecological conditions. Before harvesting, the garlic bulbs are carefully chosen, dried for 2–3 days, then peeled. Seeds are soaked in a 50% carbendazim solution diluted 500 times for 10–12 hours before being sown under clear weather conditions.
The soil used should be sandy loam rich in organic matter and well-drained. After the previous crop is harvested, the field is plowed to a depth of about 20 cm and left to rest for over 15 days. Before planting, the soil is fertilized with 2,000–2,500 kg of compost per mu, plus 75–100 kg of fermented cake fertilizer and 50–60 kg of specialized garlic fertilizer, all mixed thoroughly and evenly distributed.
Sowing timing is critical, especially in coastal areas. Garlic is usually sown from September 15 to 25 to ensure it reaches the wintering standard: a height of 25 cm, six leaves and one heart, more than 30 roots, and a pseudostem thickness of 1 cm. The seeds are planted in furrows 6–7 cm deep, spaced properly and aligned correctly. After sowing, the ridges are flattened, and the top is covered with 3–4 cm of soil.
Before seedlings emerge, herbicides like 24% Goer EC (50–70 ml per acre) or 42% Garlic Grass Net (100–120 ml per acre) are applied with 50 kg of water per mu, followed by straw coverage of 200–250 kg per mu to suppress weeds and retain moisture.
Fertilization follows a strategy of "stabilizing phosphorus, controlling nitrogen, and increasing potassium." Basic fertilizer is applied first, and subsequent topdressings are timed according to growth stages. Early-season fertilizer is applied during the 2–3 leaf stage, using 10 kg of urea or 1,500 kg of decomposed manure water per mu. Winter fertilizer is applied in mid-January with 15–20 kg of urea per mu, combined with anti-freeze irrigation. Green-up fertilizer is applied in mid-March, using 15 kg of urea or 40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu. A second round of fertilizer is given in mid-April when the garlic leaves begin to open, using 20 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium sulfate or 45% compound fertilizer. Finally, after harvest, 5 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to promote bulb development.
Pest and disease control focuses on "one pest and two diseases"—garlic aphids, leaf blight, and purple blotch. Garlic aphids are controlled with 50% phoxim diluted 1,000 times. Diseases are treated with 75% chlorothalonil (600 times), 25% mancozeb (100 g/1000 L), or 20% copper oxychloride (500 times), applied every 7 days for 2–3 rounds.
Harvesting occurs when garlic stems turn white and the neck begins to curve, usually in early May. After 18–20 days, when most leaves are dry and the plant feels soft, the garlic is ready for harvest, ensuring the pseudostem is not easily broken.
For corn, the variety Denghai No. 3 is preferred due to its large ears, high yield, and resistance to pests and diseases like corn borer and rough dwarf virus. Sowing takes place in late April to early May of the following year, with two healthy seeds per hole, totaling 3,300 holes per mu. Seedlings are thinned promptly after garlic harvest to remove weak ones and maintain strong growth.
Soil management involves timely watering based on moisture levels. Since the previous crop leaves ample nutrients, no additional seedling fertilizer is needed. During the big bell mouth stage, 15–20 kg of urea per mu is applied. Two days before tasseling, 25 ml of corn sorghum pesticide is sprayed on the upper leaves. Pest control during this period is crucial, especially for corn borers.
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