Baibai, a vital aquatic vegetable in Jinyun County, plays a significant role in local agriculture. The annual cultivation area remains stable at over 15,000 mu. Particularly in mountainous regions above 500 meters in elevation, the cool summer climate and pristine ecological environment make it ideal for its growth. This favorable condition not only ensures high-quality production but also contributes to high yields. The superior ecological environment promotes early development of the plant's fleshy stems, making it stand out compared to similar vegetables grown at lower altitudes. In the same latitude, Bai Ti (another variety) in the Plain Plain City is harvested 20-30 days later, enriching the vegetable supply and providing more options for consumers. It also allows for premium pricing, which boosts the local economy by encouraging the cultivation of high-altitude Baibai and increasing farmers' income.
The following are the main technical practices for cultivating high-quality single-season alpine Baibai:
**1. General Overview**
**1.1 Climatic Conditions**
In areas with a high-mountain climate, the average temperature in July and September is 21.8°C, with a day-night temperature difference exceeding 12°C. These conditions are optimal for Baibai growth, as they help maintain the plant’s quality and reduce disease incidence.
**1.2 Soil Conditions**
The soil should be deep, fertile, and rich in organic matter—ideally over 4%. Mountain yellow muddy sand fields are preferred due to their good water and nutrient retention capabilities, which support healthy root development.
**1.3 Water Conditions**
Adequate irrigation infrastructure is essential. Cold water from mountain springs should be used for irrigation, ensuring efficient drainage and preventing waterlogging.
**2. Fertilizer Use Requirements**
Organic fertilizers, such as decomposed farm manure or specially processed compost, should be prioritized, while chemical fertilizers are used sparingly. A balanced combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements is recommended. Specialized compound fertilizers should be applied to avoid excessive nitrogen use, which can lead to poor quality.
**3. Pesticide Use Requirements**
Pesticides must be used according to the "Safe Use Standards for Pesticides of Non-environmental Vegetables in Zhejiang Province." The principle of “prevention first, comprehensive control†should guide pesticide application. Only safe, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides are allowed, and all usage must comply with national regulations on pesticide management.
**4. Main Technical Links**
**4.1 Site Selection and Preparation**
Choose plots with high altitude, cool temperatures, clean water sources, and well-drained soil. Before planting, the field should be thoroughly plowed and prepared to ensure good seedling establishment.
**4.2 Variety Selection**
High-yield, single-season varieties like “Beauty†or “Ivory†are recommended for their tender texture, uniform size, and strong resistance to pests and diseases.
**4.3 Seedling Selection and Cultivation**
Select vigorous plants with tight nodes, high yield potential, and no signs of disease. After harvest, cuttings should be taken in September or transplanted in the next growing season to maintain genetic purity and productivity.
**4.4 Transplanting and Seedling Spacing**
Transplanting is typically done between late March and early April. Each 3–4 seedlings should be planted in wide-narrow rows, with a spacing of 1.2 m between wide rows and 0.8 m between narrow rows. Approximately 1,300–1,500 plants per acre are recommended.
**4.5 Balanced Fertilization**
Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, mainly organic material. Top dressing should be applied early, and additional fertilizer during the flowering stage. Avoid overuse of nitrogen to prevent excessive vegetative growth.
**4.6 Irrigation Management**
Maintain proper water levels throughout the growth cycle. During transplanting, keep a shallow water layer to warm the soil. During the jointing stage, allow some drying to promote deep rooting. During stem expansion, increase water depth and use cold water to enhance stem quality.
**4.7 Pest and Weed Control**
Common pests include rust, bacterial sheath rot, leaf blight, stem borers, long green planthoppers, and thrips. Integrated pest management strategies, including crop rotation, physical barriers, and selective pesticide use, are recommended.
**4.8 Weeding**
Manual weeding and drainage are effective methods. Herbicides such as ethyl benzyl series or benzyl bromide can be used, or fish and ducks can be introduced to control weeds naturally.
**4.9 Harvesting**
Harvest when the white stems are slightly exposed, about 0.5–1 cm. For export, the product should be packaged with three leaves wrapped in cold water to maintain freshness during transport.
**4.10 Quality Standards**
The product must be fresh, clean, free of pests, and meet strict appearance and health standards. Packaging should be clean and clearly labeled with grade, net weight, and expiration date.
**4.11 Storage and Transportation**
Proper storage and transportation are crucial to maintaining quality. Avoid mixing with harmful substances and ensure protection from temperature extremes and mechanical damage.
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