Autumn corn is a high-quality and high-efficiency late-autumn crop that thrives in various environments, has a short growth cycle, and is rich in nutrients. It provides a steady supply of fresh ears to the market. To ensure its healthy and sustainable cultivation, the following pollution-free techniques are recommended:
First, selecting the right variety is crucial. Autumn corn should be a hybrid or waxy type with strong adaptability, good disease resistance, a short growing period, high yield, and excellent ear appearance and flavor. These characteristics make it ideal for both commercial and local markets.
Second, land selection plays an important role. The field should be one where the previous crop was harvested by mid-July, ensuring enough time for preparation. The soil should be deep and moderately fertile, but avoid steep slopes, barren areas, or regions with severe soil erosion, as these can negatively affect growth and yield.
Third, seedling transplanting is essential. Autumn corn should be sown from late June to early July. Before planting, seeds should be pre-sprouted 2–3 days in advance to promote early germination and reduce the risk of head smut. Treat the seeds with dimethoate emulsion to protect against soil pests. When the seedlings have developed two leaves, they can be transplanted into the field. Plant about 2000–2300 seedlings per mu, with two plants per hole. After transplanting, water regularly and ensure proper drought resistance.
Fourth, fertilization is key to maximizing yield. The principle is to apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium, apply seedling fertilizer early, use joint fertilizer as needed, and apply manure during the critical growth stage. A typical base fertilizer mix includes 30 kg of phosphate, 8 kg of potassium, and 20 kg of ammonium phosphate or 7 kg of urea. After weeding, apply 5 kg of urea and phosphate as seedling fertilizer. During the big bell-mouth stage, add 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 15–18 kg of urea, applied deeply into the soil to protect the plants.
Fifth, pest control is necessary to maintain plant health. During the trumpet stage, spray pyrethroid pesticides diluted 1000 times into the corn leaves to prevent aphids and other pests. Alternatively, mix furan with fine soil or apply 150 ml of BT emulsion per acre, diluted with 1 kg of water. Mix this with 15 kg of soil to create toxic soil, which is then placed into the leaf whorls. However, all pesticide applications must stop at least 15 days before harvest to ensure food safety.
Lastly, artificial pollination is important due to the high planting density and short flowering period. Pollinate the corn 1–2 times, ideally between 8:00 am and 10:00 am, to improve kernel development and overall yield.
By following these methods, farmers can achieve better results, ensure environmental sustainability, and provide high-quality autumn corn to consumers.
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