Autumn corn is a high-quality, high-yield late-autumn crop known for its wide adaptability, short growth cycle, and rich nutritional value. It provides fresh ears to the market throughout the season. To ensure a pollution-free and efficient cultivation process, the following techniques are recommended:
First, selecting the right variety is crucial. Autumn corn should be a hybrid or waxy type that exhibits strong disease resistance, a short growth period, good ear appearance, and superior taste. These varieties not only ensure high yields but also maintain excellent quality when harvested fresh.
Second, land selection plays a key role in successful cultivation. The field should be chosen where previous crops were harvested by mid-July, ensuring enough time for planting. The soil should be deep and moderately fertile. Avoid steep slopes, barren areas, or regions with severe soil erosion, as these conditions can negatively impact growth and yield.
Third, proper seedling management is essential. Autumn corn should be sown between late June and early July. Before planting, seeds should be pre-sprouted 2–3 days in advance to promote early germination and reduce the risk of head smut. Seed dressing with dimethoate emulsion helps prevent soil pests. Seedlings should be raised with appropriate fertilization and kept moist and cool. Once they reach two leaves, they can be transplanted at a density of 2000–2300 plants per mu, with two seedlings per hole. After transplanting, regular watering and drought protection are necessary to support healthy growth.
Fourth, effective fertilization is vital for optimal development. The basic principle is to apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium application, use seedling fertilizer early, and apply joint fertilizer as needed. A standard base fertilizer mix includes 30 kg of phosphate, 8 kg of potassium, and 20 kg of ammonium phosphate or 7 kg of urea. After weeding, 5 kg of urea and phosphate fertilizer per acre is applied as seedling fertilizer. During the big bell-mouth stage, 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 15–18 kg of urea is applied through deep trenching to cover the soil and protect the plants.
Fifth, pest control is critical during the trumpet stage. Pyrethroid pesticides diluted 1000 times can be sprayed on the leaves to prevent aphids and other pests. Alternatively, mixing furan into fine soil or using 150 ml of Bt emulsion per acre (diluted in 1 kg of water) and mixed with 15 kg of soil creates a toxic mixture that can be placed inside the leaf whorls. However, all pesticide applications must stop at least 15 days before harvest to ensure safety.
Lastly, artificial pollination is necessary due to the dense planting and short flowering period. Pollination should be done 1–2 times, ideally around 8:00 am, to improve kernel set and overall yield. This practice ensures better fruit development and higher productivity.
By following these detailed steps, farmers can successfully grow high-quality autumn corn while maintaining environmental sustainability and maximizing economic returns.
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