September 7 is Bailu. Bailu refers to the water droplets formed when water vapor condenses on the ground or a near-ground object after the temperature of the cooler weather is reduced. For example, trees and trees will be covered with dew in the morning. The solar dew is the beginning of a cool season, and it is also the largest solar festival in the day and night.
From the aspect of agricultural management, Bailu is both the season of crop maturation and harvest, and also the season when winter crops are ready for sowing. Here can be exemplified by the local farms to explain, such as Shanxi, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ning's agricultural "Bai Lu chopped sorghum, cold dew finish playing field"; Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Hubei area on the winter wheat planting The land reclamation, "white dew species high mountains, cold dew species Hirakawa"; Shanghai's land reclamation "before the early rice white dew, after the late rice white dew". For the production of fruit trees in the north, the white dew season is the ripening of many deciduous fruit trees - fruit picking period, such as early and middle ripe apples, pears, late-maturing grapes, and winter jujube. These fruit trees need to be plucked during the white dew season. From both theory and experience, it is shown that the autumn fertilization of fruit trees is better than that of spring fertilization. Early fertilization in autumn and winter seasons is better than late fertilization.
Taking the apple tree as an example, the timely application of picking fruit fertilizer after fruit picking is conducive to the continuous increase of production in the orchard in the following year. Since the roots of fruit trees are organs for nutrient absorption and storage, the nutrients needed for growth and development in the spring of the second year are mostly derived from root storage. It can be said that the level of root storage nutrients determines the quality of flower bud differentiation in the coming year and also determines the cold resistance of fruit trees. Sex and other traits. The roots of fruit trees that are generally in the ground do not have natural dormancy. As long as the conditions are appropriate, roots can occur and grow throughout the year, and in the fall of September, the peaks of root growth will occur successively in different fruit trees. If this year's fruits are high in yield and the load on the ground is too large, but if the fertilizer is not applied in time in autumn, root nutrition will not be able to keep up, and even if it does not grow, it will seriously affect wintering and spring rooting. Because the nutrients needed for root growth in early spring are mainly storage nutrition, if the first year of autumn missed the picking fruit fertilizer, resulting in lack of storage nutrition, it is bound to reduce spring rooting and germination.
Taking nitrogen fertilizer as an example, different nitrogen application periods have different effects on the growth and development of fruit trees. For apples, in the autumn, even if the amount of nitrogen application is less than the amount of spring application, the effect of flowering fruit set in the second year is still very obvious. Because the defoliation received from the harvest is a nitrogen nutrient reserve period, the level of nitrogen in this period plays an important role in the differentiation and high yield of high quality flower buds in the following year. Of course, in addition to nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are equally important. Sufficient phosphorus supply can enable fruit trees to complete the growth phase of shoots as scheduled, promote flower bud differentiation, increase fruit set rate, and phosphorus regulates nitrogen nutrition; in addition, if the fruit tree needs large amount of potassium, increasing potassium fertilizer can promote fruit enlargement and increase fruit size. weight.
In short, the benefits of basal fertilization in autumn are: First, the growth and absorption of the main root systems of fruit trees are relatively active. After being absorbed by the roots, the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the fall becomes the storage nutrient of the tree and becomes the source of nutrition for flowering and leaf development the following year. Second, there is a large temperature difference between day and night in autumn, and the proportion of scattered light increases. After fertilization, it will help improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves. Third, if organic fertilizers are used at this time, there will be more time for the roots to absorb and operate, and they will be stored in the tree. Fertilization in autumn is an important part of the orchard fertilization system, and it is also the basis for fertilization throughout the year.
Here again, for the winter jujube, the fertility of the white dew is also very important. Jujube is a shallow-rooted fruit tree. After the beginning of September, the growth slowed down. The basal application period was earlier than the apple tree. It has the characteristics of late sprouting and early defoliation, and it is necessary to pay attention to improving its storage nutrient level in production. The jujube has root growth peaks in the hard core stage of fruit. In order to increase the storage nitrogen level of the tree and promote the growth and development of the following year, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer should be applied during the hard core stage. This will facilitate the accumulation of stored nitrogen during dormancy and the growth and development of the following year. For example, it is recommended that winter jujube be applied to ternary compound fertilizer 20 to 30 kilograms per mu.
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