The Prevention of Soft Rot Disease in Chinese Cabbage
In recent years, the occurrence of soft rot disease in Chinese cabbage has become more severe due to factors such as improper variety selection, early sowing times, and high temperatures during the planting season. To address this issue, the author conducted a series of field trials in 2002, including tests on different varieties, sowing dates, and chemical control methods. The results were successfully applied in Daejeon in 2003, leading to significant improvements in disease management. First, it is essential to use resistant varieties that meet market demands and possess strong disease resistance, high quality, and high yield. Varieties such as Beijing Xin 3 and Qiulv 75 have been proven effective in reducing the risk of soft rot. Second, determining the optimal sowing time plays a crucial role in preventing disease. Based on the climatic conditions of the Wuqing District and the growth characteristics of Chinese cabbage, an appropriate late sowing date around August 10th is recommended. This allows for sufficient growth before the onset of disease-prone periods. The seeding rate is about 0.3 kg per mu. Before sowing, the seeds are treated with Fengling 200 g per 200 g of seed dressing. The method involves soaking the seeds, mixing them evenly with the powder, and then drying them before planting. Third, proper fertilization and water management are key to healthy plant development. It is recommended to plant Chinese cabbage in fields that have not previously grown cruciferous crops. Before planting, the soil should be deeply tilled to a depth of 30–40 cm, and 1000–1500 kg of well-rotted compost should be incorporated. Raised beds with a height of 10–15 cm and a row spacing of 50 cm are created. For soil disinfection, 2 kg of carbendazim or enemy pine is applied per mu, and 50 kg of compound fertilizer is placed in the furrows. After sowing, the plants are managed according to the principle of "three waters, three seedlings, and five waters." The planting density is set at 2200–2600 plants per mu. About 10–15 days after sowing, a light thinning is done. During the rosette and balsamic stages, 20–25 kg of compound fertilizer is applied with irrigation. In the early stage of head formation, the soil should be kept slightly dry, while it should remain moist during the actual head development. Watering should be stopped one week before harvest. Fourth, a comprehensive approach to pest and disease control is necessary. Viral diseases and downy mildew can worsen the occurrence of soft rot, so attention must be given to their prevention and treatment. 1. In the early stages of viral disease, spraying Di-Dongbao once every 7–10 days, for 2–3 times, can effectively control the spread of the virus. 2. Soft rot should be removed promptly during the heart-wounding period. When soft rot occurs, apply 50% DT fungicide at a rate of 10 g per mu, mixed with 25–30 kg of water. Alternatively, agricultural streptomycin diluted to 3000–4000 times or bacterial Tec can be used. Apply once every 7–10 days for 2–3 times. If pests like aphids or cabbage caterpillars are present, spray a 500–600 times solution of 1.1% dish soap. Contributor: Tianjin Plant Protection and Quarantine StationDried Squids are a popular snack in many Asian countries, especially in Japan, Korea, and Thailand. They are made by cleaning and drying fresh squids until all the moisture is removed, resulting in a chewy and flavorful snack.
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