1. Characteristics of Lactation
(1) Feeding Behavior During Lactation
The lactation period is a critical phase during which the mother's cockroach is heavily engaged in nursing her young. During this time, the mother produces milk and feeds her offspring directly. However, in the case of Aberdeen, the young are still unable to feed on their own and rely entirely on the mother’s secretions for nourishment.
Since a single mother may give birth to multiple offspring, her milk supply often falls short, leading to insufficient feeding. Additionally, it can be challenging for the mother to care for too many babies alone. As a result, manual feeding or using substitute milk is often necessary to ensure the survival and healthy development of the young.
(2) Growth, Development, and Behavioral Traits of Aberdeen
This stage is marked by rapid physical and behavioral changes in Aberdeen. At birth, they typically weigh between 90 to 120 grams and measure 8 to 12 centimeters in length, covered with fine black fur. By around day 10, they start blinking, develop teeth by day 15, and begin eating soft food by day 20.
By day 25, the young become more active and start exploring their surroundings, even leaving their small enclosure. Before weaning, they display curiosity, climbing on cage bars, moving around erratically, and sometimes overturning containers. Despite their activity, they cannot yet control their defecation. By day 45, they are usually able to eat solid food and are ready for weaning.
(3) Stress Resistance in Aberdeen
During lactation, Aberdeen is still in a vulnerable developmental stage with limited ability to cope with environmental changes. They require careful monitoring and human intervention for proper care. This period is also crucial for immune system development, as their immunity transitions from inherited to acquired. Therefore, they are more susceptible to diseases and need additional protection and vaccinations during this time.
2. Management of Nursing Aberdeen
During lactation, the primary source of nutrition for Aberdeen is the mother’s milk, which generally meets most of their needs. However, in artificial breeding environments, supplemental feeding is often necessary to address milk shortages and support healthy growth. Regular inspections, foster nursing, and other management practices play a vital role in ensuring the well-being of the young.
(1) Inspection and Care of Nursing Young
Newborns should be checked regularly to assess their health and feeding status. However, to minimize disturbance to the mother, only essential checks are performed. The first inspection is typically done about six hours after birth, preferably at midday when the environment is warm and calm.
Due to strong odors that may confuse the mother, it is important to clean the cage and eliminate any foreign scents before inspection. The mother should be temporarily removed, and each pup inspected individually. Weak or struggling individuals should be identified and given special attention. If umbilical cords are tangled, they should be carefully untangled. Any issues found must be addressed promptly.
Under normal conditions, the mother’s behavior and the cries of the young provide key indicators of their well-being. If the mother refuses to nurse or shows signs of neglect, further examination is required. These pups may appear weak, thin, and irritable. In such cases, immediate medical attention and artificial feeding should be provided.
(2) Artificial Feeding and Foster Nursing
In cases where the mother is overwhelmed or unable to feed all her young, artificial feeding and foster nursing are commonly used to improve survival rates.
1. Artificial Breastfeeding: Manual feeding is typically used for weak or orphaned pups. It is not suitable for large-scale use but can help keep individual pups alive. Artificial milk can be prepared using fresh milk, sugar, and trace minerals like zinc, iron, calcium, and magnesium. After boiling and cooling, vitamins can be added. Feeding can be done with a spoon, straw, or syringe.
2. Foster Nursing: This method involves transferring young to another lactating mother. It is widely used in animal breeding to overcome milk shortages. When a mother has too many offspring, or her milk supply is inadequate, fostering becomes essential. A suitable foster mother should be healthy, have good lactation capacity, and be in the same lactation phase as the young. She should also have a calm temperament and strong maternal instincts.
The process of fostering involves making the new mother believe the pups are her own. This is done by rubbing the young with the mother’s scent and placing them in the same enclosure. If the foster mother accepts them without rejection, the process is successful. If she rejects them, the process must be repeated with a different mother. Overall, foster nursing has a high success rate, especially when conducted at night.
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