The basal fertilizer should be harvested before applying it to the top of the frozen plant. The earlier the fertilization time is, the better. Generally, the above-mentioned miscellaneous manures are dominant, and they should be applied after being decomposed; a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer can also be applied. The fertilization method can be applied with acupuncture, interstraining between rows of plants, and application of annular furrows. All those who did not complete the autumn fertilization before the deciduous fruit trees should be completed before the land is frozen. In particular, the application of organic fertilizer can not be pushed to the spring to prevent the rooting in spring, affecting the spring germination of fruit trees and the late differentiation of flower buds. After the fertilization in the orchard is completed, water sources must be poured once to seal off the winter water. After watering, the soil should be loosened when the surface is semi-dry. This will reduce the evaporation of water, and it is beneficial to keep the water.
The deep-turning of the whole garden combined with fruit tree basal fertilization for a full-park deep turning, deep-deep depth of 60 ~ 80cm, which is conducive to promoting root growth, improve soil structure, protect soil moisture, and more importantly, destroy pests and diseases in the living place. Because earthworms, beetles, golden needleworms, ground tigers and other underground pests survive in the soil in winter; peach pests, aphids, and other pests prefer to lay eggs in the ground joints, weeds, or overwinter in maggots, larvae, and other forms. Therefore, before the soil is frozen, it is necessary to deepen the ground, plan pine tree trays, turn the pests to the ground and freeze them to death or be eaten by birds. In combination with flooded flood water, eggs, larvae and cockroaches can be suffocated. Note that when deep turning, the dead leaves, fallen leaves, weeds, etc. on the surface of the soil should be buried deep into the soil so that the pathogens on it will not be repeatedly infested. When deep turning, care should be taken to protect the root system so as not to weaken the tree.
Pruning and pruning is an important management technique in the production of fruit trees. It is also a powerful measure to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. Winter pruning can regulate the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. It can also make the trees light and reduce the consumption of tree nutrients. The purpose of pruning in dormancy period is to focus on the different ages: during the sapling period, it is mainly to complete plastic surgery; , The main results of the branches; full fruit period, mainly to adjust the proportion of flowers, leaves, buds, maintain and rejuvenate the growth of the tree. Pay attention to remove the branches and branches of trees, dry branches, remove the leaves and stale berries; protect the large wounds of more than 1 cm in time with the "Corrosion Injury Film", and promptly treat small wounds and trees less than 1 cm in length. Spray 100 times fluid to protect, freeze and disinfect. All kinds of fruit trees have their own physiological characteristics, and they must be treated differently when pruning.
Grapes should pay attention to the first year of the year. This new shoot is generally thick and round, with a small pith, short internodes, and prominent joints. The branches are yellow-brown and reddish-brown. It should be suitable for long and long piths, large pith, small shoots, long branches and flat branches. Sparse or short cuts should not be retained. Take care to prevent the clipped buds from being dried or damaged. Grape pith has a large pith part, loose tissue, and easy evaporation of moisture. Therefore, clipping should be 3 cm to 5 cm away from the bud. Clipping should be promptly applied to seal the "wounding anti-corrosion film." Pay attention to the direction of clipping. Cut as much as possible on the opposite side of the clipped bud. Pay attention to the cultivation and utilization of sprouting branches on the base. Sprouting lychee usually has long internodes and buds are small and should be cut off from the base, and should be trimmed early to facilitate soil burial and cold protection. It must not be pruned before sprouting in the spring to prevent the outflow of nutrient solution, resulting in debilitating tree vigor.
Jujube tree early jujube tree. During this period, the crown has not yet formed, and vegetative growth is still dominant, but production has increased year by year. Pruning during this period should be based on sparse, retractive, short-cutting, and cultivation, and pruning should be carried out according to the principle of “four stays and five staysâ€. "Four stays" means that the peripheral jujube head should stay; the jujube head on the backbone branch must stay; the jujube head with strong development and promising development must stay; the jujube head with a large number of secondary branches and jujube stocks and strong ability to produce results should stay. To achieve the goal of continuously expanding the canopy, increasing production year by year. "Five not stay" refers to drooping branches and weak branches that do not stay, thin oblique branchlets and overlapping branches do not stay, pests and branches and dead branches do not stay, improper and unpractical leggy branches do not stay, whorl branches, cross branches, And branches and leggy branches do not stay. Pruning should be combined by means of deflation, opening the light path, irradiating light into the pupa, cultivating the inner lychee, preventing the internal shoots from dying and the resulting parts moving outwards, paying attention to the culturing and renewal of the result twigs, and extending the result years, when the jujube tree is effective Jujube stocks should be re-updated from 300 to 500, which is to select the outgrowths of the sturdy stocks on the backbone branches, saw the total length of the stem branches 1/2 to 2/3, and apply the “wound anti-corrosion film†in time. Closed cuts prevent cracks and promote wound healing.
The main task of persimmon sapling is to cultivate a good skeleton, make a good tree shape, choose a good lateral branch, adjust the angle, and balance the tree potential. Prolonged extensions to the center can be appropriately shortened. Adjust and match the growth potential of all kinds of branches and the relationship between the master and the slave, promote the branch expansion, promote the mother branch, cultivate the branch group, and lay a foundation for the early results. The dry height is generally 1 meter to 1.5 meters. We must set aside five to six full shoots on the main trunk in due course. Cut out buds to stay in the windy mouth to prevent the wind from being blown off. Pay attention to selecting the direction and angle and keep the balance between the branches. Increase the amount of branches. Branches should be treated according to the characteristics of the species. If the branches are weak and the branches are sparse, in order to increase the number of branches, the short cuts should be used as far as possible. For more varieties of germination to be cut. We must promptly retract and renovate the thin and weak branches so that the nutrients will be concentrated, and the branches will be transformed from weak to strong and cultivated into compact groups. In the pruning process, based on the principle of plasticity and supplemented by results, the crown can be flexibly controlled, but the pruning task can only be completed if the tree structure is reasonable. After the pruning is completed, the "wounding anti-corrosion film" should be applied to close the cut of the saw to promote the healing of the wound and achieve the goal of early and early high-yield.
Chestnut saplings and early fruit trees generally thrive, and the canopy expands rapidly, with a large shoot growth. Pruning this period should take into account both the plastic and the results. The main branch is cut short at full shoots to enlarge the canopy, remove thin and weak branches, multiple branches and overlapped branches. Slowly release the shoots with moderate growth and open angles and cultivate them into the resulting mother branches. For young saplings that are relatively weak, they should be appropriately short-cut, and more robust branches should be kept in order to promote their early formation of the resulting mother tree. Winter pruning of fruit trees: In the fruit period, chestnuts have basically formed, and the yield has increased and gradually stabilized, and the tree potential has eased. The main task of this period is to adjust the relationship between growth and results, maintain the canopy, balance the forces between the branches, ensure the balanced results of various parts, and prolong the period of full fruit. When pruning, according to the growth of various parts of the crown, to maintain the appropriate crown coverage. Appropriate weeding of weak and dense branches, partial renewal and trimming of lateral branches to prevent canopy closure and proper retention of mother branches, pruning of the resulting mother branches to eliminate thin and weak mother branches, concentrate nutrients, and ensure robustness Mother branches grow normally. Winter pruning of the senescence tree: In the senescence period, the growth of the tree is prolonged, the shoots are short, the inside of the canopy begins to become bald, and only the crown surface results in a significant reduction in yield. The main task of this period of pruning is to update and cultivate the backbone branches, enhance the tree vigor, stimulate the germination of the buds, use the sprouting branches to transform and form the crowns, update pruning timely, and find that the symptoms of declining tree trunks are dealt with in a timely manner. Based on the principle of selecting and maintaining strong branches and strong shoots, we will carry out renovation and pruning, and strengthen the management to restore the tree to a certain amount of production.
Pomegranate winter cut time is not too early. Pomegranate branches are loose and have poor cold resistance. In order to avoid cold damage and frost damage, winter shearing should be delayed until 2-3 months. Pruning should be combined with winter and summer. Only carrying out winter cutting often results in excessive tree vigor and is not conducive to the formation of flower buds, and the female flower rate and the fruit setting rate will be reduced. Therefore, in the growing season, buds, twisting tips, picking hearts, and thinning should be carried out. The amount of pruning should not be too great. Pomegranate trees are poorly tolerant and sensitive to pruning. Excessive winter shears can easily cause trees to weaken. The amount of summer shear can be appropriately increased for Wangshu, and the amount of winter shear is appropriately increased for weak trees. Short cuts are not easy to overdo. The pruning of pomegranate trees is dominated by thinning and slow release. It mainly eliminates erect leggy branches, over dense branches, aging branches, disease and insect branches, dead branches, slowly flattening oblique branches and mean tree branches, and only extends a few branches and branches. Short cuts and excessive short cuts can easily lead to excessive tree growth and unfavorable flowering. Pruning of the pomegranate tree, which does not result in flowering, results in trimming. In the first year after planting, leave 3 to 5 branches as the main trunk during winter cutting, and remove the remaining sprouts. The pomegranate tree of high quality and large fruit is mainly pruned in the winter and spring. Every time it is pruned, it must go to its roots, and the fruit stems of the last year must be removed. Pendency branches, dead branches, and twigs on the inside of the crown should also be removed to make the crown sparsely and evenly, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and full fruiting.
Mulberry trees vary in temperature from place to place. The best time to prune mulberry trees in winter is different. The best time for pruning is usually from late December to mid-January. After the beginning of spring, the temperature rose and the physiological activity of the mulberry increased. The nutrients in the trunk and roots were gradually transported to the branches, and buds on the branches began to germinate. If the branches are trimmed at this time, a large amount of nutrients and water will be lost, resulting in that the upper part of the cuttings does not germinate or the germination is small and weak, and the yield and quality of the mulberry leaves are greatly reduced. Therefore, pruning mulberry in winter should not be late. Special cutting tools should be used to cut mulberry trees with special scissors. Cut hackles with cleavers, kitchen knives, hatchets, etc., to avoid nicks, cuts, branches, bark, buds, etc. and prevent the growth of mulberry trees. development.
Because the tree is left full of growth branches in the process of pruning the mulberry tree, we must choose, leave enough growth branches, cut off the invalid litchi. Leave the length of the branch to keep the cut strips l0 ~ l5 cm long in the cut. Different types of mulberry should be treated differently: For "hen nests," we must choose strong and strong branches to cut off diseases, residues, and weak branches; for "cluster branches," we should stay weak, stay strong, and promote lateral branches. Growth, distribution of the branches is reasonable, development is uniform, and group advantages are exerted.
The winter shear of the sapling of pear tree pays attention to the configuration of the main lateral branch and the large-resulting branch group, maintains the affiliation between the various levels of the backbone branches, and does a good job of balancing the tree top and bottom of the canopy and the main branch at all levels to control the competition branches and erect branches. Growth, rational use of supplemental branches.
The winter shear of the early fruit tree should continue to expand the canopy, especially the cultivation and pruning of the resulting branch. The tree that grows without pruning in the sapling tree for a long period of time will be transformed by the tree year after year because of the shape of the tree, and the tree structure will be properly adjusted. The winter shear of the fruit tree should be pruned to maintain the normal growth of the main and lateral branches, and the results of the branch group rotation update pruning, rejuvenation of the result of the branches, in order to yield high and stable yield. The long-lived buds of winter pears in the senescence tree have long life spans, and it is easy to grow short branches with short cuts. The branches can be renewed and adjusted year by year to restore their normal growth. Plants that grow taller than others should be cut lightly and sparsely during the first year of winter after the high-shouldered plant. Cutting of the extension branches of the selected branch should be carried out. During the second year of winter cutting, the inner plant should be adjusted. Peripheral growth and messy branches; the third year gradually into the normal pruning, pay attention to alternate rotation of branches and branches within the various branches of the update, the remaining pruning method and fruit tree pruning method is the same. The winter shears are dominated by thinning and slow release, mainly eliminating excess sprouts on the trunk, over dense branches in the tree crown, drooping branches, aging branches, dead branches, disease and insect branches, and erect leggy branches, making the crown appear thin. Under the dense, thin outer dense, large branch thin, twig dense reasonable layout. Oblique branches, moderate branches are generally not put slowly cut.
During pruning apple saplings should be promoted mainly. Spur-type apples have weak branching ability and slow expansion of the crown. During saplings, they promote multiple branches and accelerate the formation of the crown. The result is pruned during the period. For strong and strong shoots and full shoots, more use should be made; more flower buds should be removed, and the tree body should be properly loaded so as to maintain the tree vigor of the strong and moderate; the main branches need to be used when the extension branches grow. Zhuangzhi on behalf of the head, in the middle full of shoots short section; result sticks should be properly retracted or lose the ability to lose the branch; for temporary branches, weak stay strong, to stay flat oblique, the upright branch oblique . Adjust the strength of the weaker and stronger. The short-stemmed apple trees are prone to strong and weak phenomenon on the trees. To correct this phenomenon, the opening angle of the main branch should be kept lower than the opening angle of the upper main branch when pruning; if the upper main branch grows strong, Use weak branches instead, short cuts at weak shoots.
Pepper prickly ash tree pruning pruning techniques: pruning method should be based on species, age, tree vigor and different, the pruning season should be in winter dormancy period and spring buds before, do a good job in winter pruning, clean up the pests concentrated burning, is the prevention and control of pepper Rotten disease, leaf rust, root rot, giardia, galls and red snapper.
1. Pruning of old trees: First, remove the branches and branches of the pests and branches, dry branches, and trim the inward branches, cross branches and overlapping branches. Finally, cut the top of each branch around the crown to leave -10 cm. Use heavy cuts.
2. Pruning of pepper trees for adult results: First, reduce the density and remove some branches. For trees with high trunks and few fruit branches, take a short cut and retreat, and cut the third-year growth of the branches. One or one half of the length of the shoots is appropriate. For varieties with excessive result branches, keep 3-5 main branches and the rest are cut off from the base together. In addition, the pests, inward branches and cross branches should be cleaned first. Finally cut 3-6 cm from the top of each tree crown.
3. Pruning of saplings and fruit trees: When the seedlings are planted in the same year or in the second year of winter in the trunk 25-30 cm, cut off the top, the fruit of the initial fruit leaves a good backbone, cut the excess branches, the base germination branches to stay The main branches are 3-5, and the rest are cut off along with the base.
What cherry blossom tree cherry tree is best? What should you watch out for when cutting in winter? Big cherries should be pruned before sprouting in early spring. The commonly used methods in winter cutting include short cutting, dumping, retracting and thinning. (1) Short: According to the degree of cutting, it can be divided into light, medium, heavy, and extremely heavy. The first three short cuts are used to increase dendrite shoot density, promote vegetative growth and rejuvenation of shoots. Proper lengthening of the extension of the backbone branches is beneficial to increase the branch weight and enlarge the crown and promote early results.
(2) Rejection: That is, the annual branches do not cut, mainly to ease the tree potential, adjust the branch amount, increase the number of fruit parts and flower buds, increase the fruit setting rate, promote early results, early high yield, and promptly retreat after the result branches turn weak Rejuvenate.
(3) Retraction: It is the shrinking of the result stick and result stick, which can make the remaining buds get more water and nutrients, which is beneficial to strong trees and flowers.
(4) Thinning: The ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the crown can be improved, and the fruit yield and quality can be improved. Thinning is mainly to remove diseased branches, broken branches and dead branches. Try not to sparse or sparse the other branches, because the wounds caused by the thinning of the branches are slowly healed, and they are prone to fluid flow and severely weaken the tree potential. In order to promote early healing of wounds and prevent the occurrence of infections, it is common practice to apply “protective film†protection agents to the wounds with good results.
Kiwifruit Kiwi winter pruning is usually carried out 15 days after the fall to 15 days before the sap flow in early spring. The best time is from mid-December to mid-February.
(1) The saplings planted in the year were left with three short shoots at the base of the plant. Afterwards, the most sturdy twigs were selected as the trunk, and the method of light shear was adopted to rapidly expand the canopy in the following year.
(2) When the tree is cut into the juvenile period after growing for 1 year, try to make the distribution of the main vine on the vine spread evenly on the frame, and on the basis of promoting the growth of the main vine, side vines and the resulting mother vines, expand. The result is the proportion of results.
(3) The pruning of adult trees should be carried out with a short cut to the resulting vines. Usually, 4-5 shoots are left for cutting, and vines are allowed to grow on the birds, leaving 4-5 shoots to sprout 2-4 shoots; The general nutrient vine, cut off the full length of 1/3 or 1/2, making it into the result of the vine; on the longevity of the fruit, overlapping 8-10 buds overlap, the result of the golden mean mother of 5 - 6 shoots, 3-4 shoots weaker. (4) Plants with large trees and debilitating trees perform renewal. The specific methods should be based on the condition of the branches. The results should focus on preserving the full growth of the vines, which can be retracted to the robust part. If the mother vines grow too weak, they should be reduced from the base. The place where there are latent buds is cut off, allowing the latent buds to sprout a robust new shoot.
Peach peach trees have been sent out several times a year, with a large number of branches and a large leaf area, so nutrient consumption is high. The pruning period of peach trees can be divided into winter pruning and summer pruning, while winter pruning has a great influence on the quality and quantity of peach trees in the next year.
1. When it was planted, it was dried and dried 50cm high. When the leap year is cut in winter, three strong branches with 45-60 degrees of base angle are selected as the backbone branches, and the branches are lightly cut or not cut, and the auxiliary shoots can also be used to eliminate the competition branches, stand up branches and dense branches. Flat oblique branch 15cm weight short cut for auxiliary support.
2. The results of colonization of peach trees beginning 3-5 years should adopt "sparse, pressure, exchange" and other measures to balance the growth potential of the main branches.
3. Peach trees were planted for 3 years. At this time, the growth was strong, the crowns continued to expand, and there were many steep and long branches. The phenomena of unclear subordination, disordered shoots, and uneven growth appeared. At this time, pruning was mainly performed by light shearing and long-tailing. Note that summer pruning culture skeleton and result stick groups. Use the back branch with a large angle as the backbone branch and remove the competition branches; select one branch with a large angle as the first side branch, lightly cut and long-distance on the main branch, and other major branches to keep the head and leave the side and press down. The angle promotes its early results. The principle that should be mastered when pruning branches of various results is: “Look at the tree pruning, combine light and heavy, and arrange evenly, leaving enough preparationâ€.
The pruning time of plutonium was after this tipping stop and before the next pricking, and because it was different from the usual spring and autumn of fruit trees, it was autumn and early spring and early summer. Therefore, some scholars believe that September is the main Pruning time. According to many years of practice, it can be conducted before and after harvesting. Spring varies from place to place, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian earlier in early March, before and after the end of March in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Pruning is carried out 7 to 10 days after harvesting. If it is a late-maturing species, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, it is hoped to pump a certain amount of new shoots. Heavy fertilizer should be applied, and the plant should be applied one week before the harvest. Some parts after pruning will be Emergence of a large number of sprouts, to promptly wipe buds, in order to ensure that the new shoots grow full. If it is a Chinese New Year tree, planning post-harvest pruning, first of all to strengthen the fruit thinning work in spring, and to strengthen the second spring and summer fertilizers, in order to ensure that the new branches of good health and restore the tree vigor. After pruning, if the diameter of the wound is more than 1 cm, it will be difficult to heal, and sometimes the entire tip of the cut will die, so protect the wound. First cut the wound, and then apply "wound anti-corrosion film" to form a protective layer, waterproof and prevent disease.
The tree trunk is painted white and the trunk is painted white in winter. 72% water, 22% quicklime, 3% lime sulfur and 3% salt can be mixed evenly. The concentration of the whitening agent should be appropriate. It is advisable to apply the trunk without advancing downstream and without stickiness. The quicklime must be melted, otherwise it will burn the trunk when it absorbs heat. After the fruit trees are painted white, not only can the fruit trees be protected against freezing injury, sunburn, and encroachment of livestock and poultry in the winter, but they can also play a good role in preventing and controlling diseases and insects that remain on the branches. If whitening is performed after shave, overwintering apple pests, pear caterpillars, pear caterpillars, red spiders, etc. hiding in the rough skin, cracks, or cracks can be effectively controlled.
Orchard cleaning in the late winter and early spring period, it is necessary to timely clean up the fallen leaves, fruit drop, weeds, and gravel in the orchard and scrape off the rough skin, skins, cut off pests and branches, and dead branches when pruning the bark. Digging pits buried in soil, or burned. In order to prevent it from becoming a pathogen of pathogenic bacteria, it will aggravate the occurrence of pests and diseases in orchards. After the orchard is cleared up, it must be sprayed with 100 times liquid antifreeze and disinfected. In early spring, spray 1000 times of “General Tree Guardian†to protect the flower buds from frost, drive away the invading bacteria, and prevent overwintering pest eggs, suffocation and reproduction. Because a lot of pests and pathogens that damage fruit trees live in litter and tree weeds in the garden, such as the big green leafhopper wintering under the branchlet skin of the tree, the eggs of apple aphids are buds of the branches in the current year. During the winter, leaf roller moth larvae in the upper tip of the leaves of the cicada roll over the winter, gold silkworm moth in the deciduous winter. Therefore, early in the winter, pests, stems, fallen leaves, rotten fruit, and weeds should all be thoroughly cleaned out of the orchard and burned or buried in a concentrated manner to eliminate hidden dangers.
In the orchard, where insecticides and insecticides occur more severely, pesticides can be selected. When the weather is fine in the winter, the entire garden is sprayed. Spray a fungicide before germinating the fruit trees in the spring. Apples, pears, peaches, and other rot, light scab, dry rot, peach, and apricot are particularly important in heavy orchards. After the fruit trees enter the dormant stage, the resistance is weakened and the disease enters a peak period. Therefore, dormancy medication is used. It is very necessary for the drug to choose 3 degrees lime sulfur or 200 times Fu Mei Kun + "General Tree Guardian" 1000 times, that is killing bacteria. To control the investment of highly toxic pesticides, try to use green plant protection technology to promote a healthy cycle of tree health.
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