English name: Calycanthus chinensis
Family and Genus: Deciduous shrubs belonging to the genus Calycanthus, family Calycanthaceae
Common Names: Known as Xia Lamei, it is also referred to as Peony or Astragalus in some regions.
Taxonomy: Classified under the "authentic" Lameco group.
Morphological Features:
Leaves are opposite, membranous, and ovate in shape. Winter buds are hairless and located at the base of the petiole. Flowers appear singly at the top of new shoots, measuring 5 to 7 cm in diameter. They have 12 to 14 outer tepals that are petal-like and purplish-brown, while the inner tepals (9 to 12) form a sub-crown, thick and fleshy, with a pale yellow color. The base of the flower has scattered pale red markings.
Fruits are oblong achenes, 1 to 1.5 cm long, dark brown, with sparse white hairs. It flowers from May to June and fruits from September to October.
Ecological Habits:
Calycanthus chinensis is a rare deciduous ornamental plant native only to China. It is mainly found in areas like Lin'an and Tiantai in Zhejiang Province, with limited cultivation for ornamental purposes in Nanjing and Hangzhou.
Naturally distributed in mountainous regions between 600 and 1000 meters above sea level, often growing in valley sides or on north-facing slopes.
It thrives in warm and humid environments, showing strong adaptability. It can survive both winter cold down to -15°C and summer heat up to 40°C. It prefers well-drained, moist sandy soil and avoids waterlogging.
The leaves are dark green and healthy. However, under full sunlight, the leaf color may turn yellow, and growth may become weak.
Garden Uses:
The summer wax plum is elegant and graceful, with large, beautiful flowers that make it an ideal summer-flowering plant. It is a classic feature of traditional Chinese gardens.
It is commonly planted as a solitary specimen or in clusters along garden entrances, buildings, near ponds, platforms, or in forested areas. It is also suitable for container planting and bonsai displays.
According to Wu Jinqing, an associate researcher at the Wuhan Institute of Botany, "As a rare plant, Calycanthus chinensis is endemic to East Asia and North America. In China, there are only five specimens in the Wuhan Botanical Garden." Its presence in both East Asia and North America, thousands of miles apart, supports the theory of continental plate movement. Protecting this species could be significant for future botanical research and understanding plant distribution.
Wu Jinqing also noted that there are five species of Xia Lamei, but only one is found in China. The other four are distributed in East Asia and North America.
Due to its extremely limited distribution, it has been classified as a second-level key protected plant in China and is currently considered a threatened species.
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