Alias: Barb Prince Water Saponins
Latin Name: Caesalpinia
Family: Leguminosae
Genus: Hematoxylin
Origin and Distribution:
Yunshi is primarily found in the Yangtze River basin and southern China. It thrives in cracks of plains, hills, stream banks, and mountainous areas. This plant prefers well-drained soil and is often seen growing naturally in these environments.
Morphological Characteristics:
Yunshi is a deciduous climbing shrub with scattered thorns. Its compound leaves are 20–30 cm long, consisting of 3–10 pairs of pinnate leaflets. Each leaflet is membranous, oblong, measuring 10–25 mm in length and 6–10 mm in width. The base is rounded, and the tip is nearly round, with fine hairs on both sides that may fall off as the leaves age. The stipules are broad and half-arrow-shaped, often falling off or absent.
The inflorescence is a raceme, 15–30 cm long, bearing bright yellow, symmetrical flowers. Each flower has a pedicel 2–4 cm long, and the sepals and petals are membranous. There are 10 stamens, with filaments densely hairy in the middle. The ovary is superior, with several ovules. The fruit is a nearly woody capsule, narrowly tongue-shaped, 6–12 cm long, and 2–3 cm wide, with a swollen tip that forms narrow wings along the suture. It splits open along the abdominal suture and is reddish-brown and hairless.
The plant produces 6–9 oblong, brown seeds. Flowering and fruiting occur from April to October.
Growth Habits:
Yunshi prefers full sun but can tolerate some shade. It is not cold-tolerant, and in Shanghai, its twigs tend to be weak during early winter. It grows best in mountainous yellow soils where limestone develops, and it has a fast growth rate. It is resilient and adaptable, thriving even in poor soils.
Propagation:
Common propagation methods include cuttings and sowing. For cuttings, use one-year-old mature branches during the rainy season; rooting typically takes 20–25 days. For sowing, collect seeds in autumn and sow them dry in May of the following year. Soaking the seeds before sowing can help improve germination, which usually occurs within 30 days.
Cultivation:
Before planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer and remove any weeds. After the seeds germinate, apply diluted fertilizer to encourage lateral branch development. During summer, fertilize once a month. Prune regularly to shape the plant, and remove withered flower clusters during the April-May flowering period to promote new growth.
Landscape Use:
Yunshi is ideal for climbing trellises, arches, and garden fences. It can also be used as a hedge for screening or planted as a solitary feature on hillsides or lawn corners. When grown in groups, it creates a natural wildflower display, with vibrant spring blossoms and hanging summer fruits.
Medicinal Uses:
Yunshi is valued for its medicinal properties, including heat-clearing, dampness-removing, and insecticidal effects. It is traditionally used to treat dysentery, malaria, diabetes, and children's digestive issues.
Taste:
1. "The Classic": "Sweet and warm."
2. "Wu Pu’s Materia Medica": "Shen Nong: Pungent and slightly hot. Huang Di: Salty. Lei Gong: Bitter."
Function and Indications:
Clears heat, removes dampness, and has insecticidal properties. It is used for treating dysentery, malaria, diabetes, and childhood food accumulation.
1. "The Book of Law": "Mainly used for intestinal ailments."
2. "Do Not Record": "Useful for various conditions."
3. "The Draft of This Sketch": "Used for antimalarial purposes."
4. "Outline": "Helps purify the blood."
5. "Wenling County Drug Resource Directory": "Effective for insecticides, heat removal, and treating children’s indigestion and measles, as well as women’s health issues."
Usage and Dosage:
Oral: Decoction, 3–5 pills, or made into pills.
Remedies:
1. To treat malaria: Three real money (a traditional measure) of Yunshi seed, boiled with Shuijianbi. (Jiangxi Herb Manual)
2. To cure diarrhea: Three money of Yawang Thorn Seed, stir-fried, plus five money of brown sugar. Boiled. (Guizhou Herbal Medicine)
3. For excessive internal heat: Two money of Bird Head, two money of Son-in-Law, one money of Cloud, and three points of Gui. Make pills, take five each time, three times daily. (Compensation Elbow Back Force)
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