The practice of returning straw to the field plays a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility, improving soil structure and its physicochemical properties, and ultimately increasing crop yields. It is a key strategy for promoting sustainable agricultural development. However, many farmers are not fully aware of the proper techniques involved in straw return, which often leads to poor performance, especially with corn stalks. Common issues include low seedling emergence, yellowing or weak seedlings, and even plant death. To ensure successful implementation, the following guidelines should be strictly followed:
First, the corn stalks must be cut into small pieces, ideally 3 to 6 cm in length, or crushed using mechanical methods. This helps prevent excessive pressure on the soil and ensures better integration with the soil, supporting healthy crop growth.
After returning the stalks to the field, the soil moisture may decrease due to water absorption by the straw and microbial decomposition. Therefore, it's essential to water the field promptly to help the straw mix thoroughly with the soil and support root development.
When decomposing crop straw, soil microorganisms require nitrogen, which can lead to competition with young plants for available nitrogen in the soil. To avoid nitrogen deficiency and yellowing at the seedling stage, it's recommended to apply about 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per 100 kg of corn straw.
The amount of corn stalks returned to the field should be around 300–400 kg per acre. Exceeding this amount can damage the crop roots and negatively affect growth. It’s also important to bury the stalks at an appropriate depth—typically below 10 cm—and compact them properly to ensure even distribution and efficient decomposition.
Additionally, when returning straw to the field, it’s vital to check the health of the stalks. Only use well-grown, disease-free stalks to avoid spreading pests and diseases. This step is critical in maintaining the overall health of the farmland and preventing future crop losses.
By following these practices, farmers can maximize the benefits of straw return while minimizing potential risks. With proper management, this technique not only improves soil quality but also contributes to long-term agricultural sustainability.
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