Agricultural control is the first step in managing plant diseases and pests. Start by using disease-resistant crop varieties. Regularly remove infected plants and apply balanced fertilizers rich in phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and calcium to improve plant health. Foliar sprays can also be used to boost resistance. Before sowing, seeds should be disinfected—soak them in a 0.1% potassium permanganate or trisodium phosphate solution for 10 to 30 minutes, then germinate. Alternatively, dry seeds can be placed in an oven at 70°C for three days to kill pathogens. When preparing seedbeds, use sterilized soil and mix it with 50% carbendazim at 100g per cubic meter. After sifting, fill the beds and sprinkle a mixture of 50% carbendazim, 50% EDFA, and manganese zinc onto the surface. In hot conditions, watering every 5 to 10 days can help increase temperature fluctuations and reduce disease incidence. Shade nets are recommended to protect crops from excessive heat and sunlight, or intercropping with tall plants like corn, beans, and melons can provide natural shade and lower risks.
Second, focus on pest and disease prevention during the seedling stage. Monitor closely and take early action against pests such as aphids and locusts. Implementing early control measures can prevent large-scale infestations later on.
Third, chemical control methods can be applied when necessary. Solutions like 5% Bacteria Clear diluted 300 times, 1.5% Plant Disease Spirit diluted 500 times, and 800 times zinc sulfate (or 1000 times potassium permanganate) can be mixed with Lufenwei at 1000 times dilution. Other options include 5% Bacteria Poison at 300 times, 20% Virus A at 500 times, 500 times trisodium phosphate, and yellow rot salt. Additionally, 2.8% Ke Ling Ling at 500 times, 1000 times Pepper Ling, and foliar fertilizers can be used for enhanced protection. Always follow label instructions and ensure proper application to avoid damage to plants or the environment.
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