Agricultural control is the first step in managing plant diseases and pests. Start by using disease-resistant crop varieties. Regularly remove infected plants and apply balanced fertilizers rich in phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and calcium to strengthen the plant's natural defenses. Foliar sprays can also be used to provide essential nutrients directly to the leaves. Before planting, treat seeds with a 0.1% potassium permanganate or trisodium phosphate solution for 10 to 30 minutes, then allow them to germinate. Alternatively, dry seeds can be treated with dry heat at 70°C for three days in a thermostatic oven. When preparing seedbeds, use sterilized soil and mix it with 50% carbendazim (100g per cubic meter). After sifting, fill the seedbeds with this mixture. To further prevent disease, combine 50% carbendazim with 50% EDFA and manganese zinc, mix with fine dry soil at a rate of 10 grams per square meter, and sprinkle it on the surface. During high-temperature periods, water the beds 5 to 10 days in advance to create a temperature difference, which helps reduce disease incidence. Shade nets can be used to protect crops from intense sunlight, or intercropping with tall plants like corn, pole beans, kidney beans, and melons can help reduce the risk of heat and light stress.
Pest and disease control should begin early, especially during the seedling stage. Monitor closely for signs of pests such as locusts and address them promptly to prevent outbreaks. Early intervention is crucial to avoid significant damage and ensure healthy growth.
Chemical control methods can also be effective. For example, you can use a 5% bacterial clear solution diluted 300 times, or a 1.5% plant disease spirit solution mixed 500 times. Combine this with a zinc sulfate solution diluted 800 times (or potassium permanganate at 1000 times) and add Lufenwei 1 at 1000 times. Another option is a 5% bacterial poison solution diluted 300 times, along with 20% virus A at 500 times, 500 times trisodium phosphate, and yellow rot salt. You can also use a 2.8% Ke Lingling solution diluted 500 times, combined with pepper Ling at 1000 times, plus foliar fertilizer. These combinations can help manage a wide range of plant diseases and improve overall crop health. Always follow label instructions carefully when applying chemical treatments to ensure safety and effectiveness.
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