I. Preparation for Breeding Conditions
1. Selection and Cultivation of Broodstock
As autumn begins, it's time to select broodstock aged 1 to 3 years. The fish should meet species standards in terms of body shape, swimming posture, and overall condition. They should be healthy, with a moderate fullness and good quality. These selected goldfish are then placed into cement pools or pots for cultivation. Unlike some fish species, goldfish do not show clear signs of non-reproductive seasons, so the male-to-female ratio is not a major concern at this stage.
The stocking density should be between 5 to 10 fish per square meter in a culture pool that ranges from 2 to 10 square meters. This ensures enough space for the fish to move comfortably without overcrowding. The pools must have proper drainage systems, with water depth maintained between 25 to 40 cm depending on the size of the fish. Aeration and oxygenation equipment are essential to maintain water quality and support fish health.
Feed the broodstock high-protein, low-fat feed 2 to 3 times daily. Each feeding should last no longer than 8 to 10 minutes, ensuring all food is consumed. It’s beneficial to mix floating pellets with live bait such as leeches or red worms to support gonad development and overall growth.
Maintain clean and lively water conditions. The ideal water color is light green. If the water becomes too rich or turns old (e.g., dark brown or dark green with particles), perform water changes or replace the water. Use an air pump at night or during rainy weather to supplement oxygen levels.
2. Spawning Pool Preparation
Choose a spawning pool of 1 to 5 square meters with a depth of 40 cm. It can be a smooth cement pool or a large pot. After cleaning and disinfecting, fill the pool with 25 cm of water and let it sit for 2 to 3 days before introducing the broodstock. Cover the pool with plastic film to raise the water temperature, and equip it with an air pump.
II. Breeding Process
Breeding typically occurs during autumn and winter when water temperatures drop. Once the temperature of the broodstock drops to 15°C, cover the pond with plastic film or move the fish indoors to warm the water. Breeding can begin when the temperature rises above 20°C. The process involves gradually lowering and then raising the water temperature, which helps synchronize the reproductive cycle and triggers spawning.
1. Selecting Broodstock
Broodstock selection is similar to the previous step, but gender differentiation is easier. Transfer the selected fish to the prepared spawning pool at a ratio of 1:1.5 to 2 males to females. Alternatively, inject them with oxytocin to enhance spawning behavior.
2. Drug Injection
Use 0.65% physiological saline as a solvent. Administer LRH-A at 25 micrograms/ml and HCG at 500 units/ml. Inject 1 ml per female weighing 250 grams, and half that dose for males. Inject the solution from the base of the pectoral fin into the abdominal cavity. A single injection is sufficient, or you can administer LRH-A first, followed by HCG 12 hours later for better results.
3. Setting Up the Spawning Nest
Place spawning nests immediately after moving the broodstock into the pool. The nests can be made from materials like water hyacinth, willow roots, wool, or plastic ropes. Ensure they are clean, soft, finely branched, and not too loose to avoid harming the fish.
III. Hatching
After drug injection, goldfish usually spawn within 12 to 24 hours, especially if the water temperature is above 22°C. Fertilized eggs are fully mature within 24 hours. Inspect the nests the next day, remove the eggs, soak them in a 20 mg/l methylene blue solution for 15 minutes, and transfer them to hatching pools.
Hatching pools should be indoors or covered with plastic to maintain a stable temperature of at least 20°C, ideally 25°C. Use a cement pool of 5 to 10 square meters for hatching, as it also serves as a fry culture area. Avoid very small or overly large pools, as both can affect water quality and fish health. Disinfect the pool and fill it with 20 to 25 cm of water 2 to 3 days before use.
Fertilized eggs should be hatched at a density of 1,000 eggs per square meter. After about 10 days, monitor their development and adjust the density if needed. Some breeders prefer a higher density of up to 10,000 eggs per square meter. After 3 to 5 days, carefully collect the fry using a fine net.
IV. Rearing Fry
During hatching, introduce a small number of fry into the hatching pool with fertilizer water. Once the yolk sac is fully absorbed and the fry start swimming horizontally, they can begin feeding on small zooplankton like rotifers and paramecia. Use a 150- to 200-mesh net to catch wild zooplankton, then filter through a 100-mesh sieve to feed the fry. However, during colder months, wild zooplankton tends to be larger and unsuitable for young fry.
A more practical approach is to feed them egg yolk for the first 5 to 7 days, then transition to collected zooplankton or commercial fry feed. Once they can eat artificial feed, their rearing method is similar to spring-grown goldfish. However, ensure the water temperature in the fry pool stays above 15°C. If it drops below, the fry may survive but will suffer from poor growth and weak constitution.
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