Zinc plays a crucial role in the nutrition of livestock, yet it has often been overlooked in the past. Many people assumed that pigs, poultry, and other animals don’t typically suffer from zinc deficiency because their diets usually include cereals and bran, which are naturally rich in this mineral. However, recent studies have shown that zinc is still an essential trace element for the growth, development, and overall health of livestock. It's found throughout the body, present in nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in semen, followed by the liver, pancreas, muscles, gonads, and bones, as well as in the blood.
Zinc is closely linked to protein binding and helps activate hormones from the pituitary and gonads. It is a vital component of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme involved in the breakdown and synthesis of carbonic acid in the body. Additionally, zinc ions activate several enzymes such as enolase, dipeptidase, and phosphatase, influencing the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals. It also interacts with vitamins B and P, further emphasizing its importance in animal nutrition.
When pigs lack sufficient zinc in their diet, they may experience reduced fertility in males, poor appetite, slow growth, skin inflammation, hair loss, and thickened, scaly skin. Similar symptoms—such as stunted growth, dull coats, hair loss, dermatitis, and infertility—can occur in other animals when zinc levels are insufficient. Adding 0.01% zinc sulfate or zinc carbonate to piglet feed can help prevent skin issues and support healthy growth. Moreover, high calcium levels in the diet can worsen skin conditions, but supplementing with zinc can alleviate these problems. Therefore, it's important to ensure adequate zinc intake when calcium levels are elevated.
Research suggests that for optimal health and growth in pigs, feed should contain at least 0.2 mg of zinc per kilogram, or 5–10 grams of zinc sulfate or 2–4 grams of zinc carbonate per 100 kg of dry feed. This ensures proper development and long-term well-being.
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