Main points of cultivation techniques for beef yak

At present, the beef cattle breeding industry is booming all over the country. However, many small and medium-sized farmers lack a systematic breeding and management program. Especially in calf breeding, the mortality rate is relatively high, and the normal production requirement of 95% survival rate cannot be achieved. Because yak has relatively fast growth and development, rumen function is not perfect, poor resistance, etc., so yak cultivation has a certain degree of technical difficulty, so raising yaks is a very critical link in the production of beef cattle. This paper proposes several technical points for breeding yaks to help the majority of small and medium sized cattle breeders.

Nursing Care for Newborn Calves

1.1 After the mucus is removed from the mucus, it is necessary to wipe the mouth, nose and mucus on the body with a clean towel so as not to affect the breathing. If calves have inhaled mucus and have difficulty breathing, they can hold the calf's hind limbs up and beat their chests to make them spit out mucus, or they can directly pull them out by hand.

1.2 Remove the soft tissue attached to the hooves by hand with soft hooves to avoid inflammation of the hooves.

1.3 Disconnect the umbilical cord Firstly push the umbilical cord blood back into the calf's abdomen, ligate the cord at 6~8cm from the abdomen, cut it, and disinfect it with 5% to 10% iodine, and then help the calf stand up to prevent the yak from falling.

1.4 Feeding Colostrum The calf is allowed to eat the cow's colostrum within 0.5 to 1 hour after birth. Colostrum has more nutrients than normal milk, especially protein, vitamin A, and magnesium salts. The protein contains a large amount of immunoglobulins, which is essential for raising the disease resistance of calves. After calf, the yak usually feeds with her mother, or several cubs are fed by a lactating bovine, as well as artificial feeding. No matter which way you raise your baby, you must insist that the newborn calves eat colostrum for about a week. If mother and quail separated artificial nursing, the first colostrum can not be less than 1kg, the subsequent daily feeding amount is 1/6 of body weight, daily 3 to 5 times feeding, cold and cool colostrum should be heated with water bath. To 35 ~ 38 °C. Artificial feeding using a teat with a teat feeds the yak with a sucking reflex to avoid licking and sucking into the lungs. Calves eat colostrum and apply a clean towel to dry their mouths to prevent bacterial growth. If the cow is sick or dead after delivery, colostrum from cows or colostrum stored in cold storage can be used at the same time. If you do not get colostrum, use the following formula to prepare: fresh milk 1kg, 3 raw eggs, cod liver oil 30g, salt 10g, oxytetracycline 250mg, fully mixed, heated to 37 ~ 38 °C fed, even fed 5 days .

2 Feeding regular milk

2.1 With the mother breast-feeding method, calves are followed by cows for feeding, feeding, and grazing every day. The lactation period is about 5 months, and the elderly are 6 to 7 months. This is easy to manage, saves labor, and is conducive to the growth and development of calves. , is currently the breeding method used by most farmers. However, this method is not conducive to the management of cows, and will increase the cost of cows' feeding and management. This method can be used by small cattle farms or free-range farmers.

2.2 The nanny cow sucking method means that a calving cow is also nursing 2 to 3 calves with similar birth time. Care should be taken to select cows with higher milk yield, good breast-feeding performance, and disease-free cows to be nannies. Together, usually separate, take turns feeding. This method can save the cow's feeding and management costs, but also save labor, but the disadvantage is that it will spread the disease, it is recommended that large and medium-sized beef cattle farms with good sanitary conditions.

2.3 Artificial breast-feeding methods The use of artificial breast-feeding should be carried out for both calf and yak with cows that have little or no breast milk after they are born. Some advanced beef cattle breeding farms in the world adopt a 90-day-old artificial breast-feeding program in phases: the number of days of breast-feeding is 90 days; the total amount of milk fed is: 510 kg of whole milk. 1 to 10 days of age: 5 kg/day. 11 to 20 days: 7 kg/day. 21 to 40 days: 8 kg/day. 41 to 50 days of age: 7 kg/day. 51 to 60 days: 5 kg/day. 61 to 80 days: 4 kg/day. 81 to 90 days: 3 kg/day.

There are two ways to feed milk, barrel feeding and milking pot with teats. The latter is better. If you use a bucket to feed, the milk bucket should be fixed, and the calf should be guided by hand several times before inhaling. After feeding, dry the yak around the corner of the mouth with a clean towel.

3 Yak supplement

With the growth and development of nursing yaks and the increasing of their age, the daily nutrient needs increase, and cows' milk production is gradually reduced from 2 to 3 months after childbirth. The contradiction of breast milk alone cannot meet the needs of calf nutrition. Therefore, it is very necessary to train calves to feed in advance and supplement them as needed. This can also promote the development of cattle stomach and improve the digestive function of cattle.

3.1 Supplementary feeding method One week after birth, start feeding supplemental wheat bran. If the yak does not eat, you can put wheat bran around the yak's mouth, and after 2 to 3 days repeated several times, the yak can adapt to feeding. About 10 days of age to provide high-quality full-priced ingredients. Gradually add carrots (or carrots), sweet potatoes, beets and other juicy feeds. 2 to 3 weeks old with straw or suspended grass induced high quality hay intake. 3 months of age can be gradually fed high-quality silage, micro-feeds.

3.2 50% corn, 50% bean cake, 12% wheat bran, 5% yeast powder, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% calcium carbonate, 1% calcium salt, 1% calcium hydrogen phosphate (for yak, 90 days old) 50g more vitamins per ton of material).

4 Yak weaning

Nowadays, because of the artificial breast-feeding technique, calves can be weaned at any time after birth, and they can generally be weaned when they feed 1 kg of full-priced concentrate. Beef cattle are not dairy cows. They should allow them to eat breastmilk as much as possible and make appropriate feeding. It is advisable to wean at 5 to 6 months of age. The method of weaning is: Feeding concentrates a week before weaning of the nursing cows, only giving roughage such as hay, reducing lactation, and separating cows and yaks into their own cowsheds. If the cow's breasts are swollen, milk should be squeezed out and care should be taken to prevent and treat mastitis.

5 Management and Cultivation

5.1 Numbers, Weighing Newtons shall be numbered and weighed. It is weighed once a month within 3 months of age, and weighed once every 6 months of age to record well in order to grasp the growth and development. I'd recommend using ear tags.

5.2 Dehorning, Castration, Hoofing (1) Dehorning: For ease of management and prevention of herding, causing injury and miscarriage, calves should be treated within a period of 1 to 3 weeks. A simple and easy method is to use a soldering iron to iron in the corners and around the corners of the corners, and then repeat the ironing in the center until it is burned. For larger cattle or cows, you can first saw the horns growing point, or use a rubber ligating corner base and other methods, but are not as easy to burn and easy to iron, less pain.

(2) Castration: The bull was castrated from 3 to 5 months of age, Baoding was good at the time of surgery, and recovery was rapid afterwards. No care was needed, and the quality of the produced beef was good. Therefore, calves should be promoted. (3) Hoof repair: The yak with her mother grazing every day, basically do not have hoof repair. But there is almost no calf in motion. It is necessary to cut hoofs before selling. Breeding grounds for breeding calves Even if the yak is not hoofing, adaptive training is also required from the calf period, such as moving the cow's calf or massaging the calf's legs, so that one can also cut hoofs when they reach adult calves.

5.3 Other Management Items (1) Sub-category: The best single-column for lactating calves is to avoid the formation of defects.
(2) Hygiene: To achieve "Sanqin," that is, to clean the ground, diligently change the litter, and observe groundly, "three nets" means net feed, net carcasses, and appliances. (3) Exercise: It is very important to exercise the calf's bones and limbs. It should be about 1 hour a day for calves to move freely. (4) Illumination: Assuring that the calves receive appropriate exposure time every day, the cholesterol in the skin can be converted into vitamin D and promote the deposition of calcium and phosphorus. It is also possible to combine the calf's outdoor sports in a unified arrangement. (5) Drinking water: Whether in lactation or in non-lactating period, it is necessary to ensure that calves have sufficient clean drinking water.

In short, the cultivation of meat yak, in addition to strictly follow the feeding and management practices, should also be based on the actual situation in this field, develop a program in line with their own, in order to improve the survival rate of yak, received the desired effect.

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