Meat pigeon breeding

At present, the breeding pigeon industry has entered the development stage of commercialization and industrialization. With the continuous expansion of the pigeon consumer market, consumers have new and higher requirements for the quality and structure of pigeon pigeon products. It is necessary to implement a standardized production and industrial operation of the pigeon industry. Now we will review the selection, breeding, facilities and management techniques of meat pigeons.
1 Selection of excellent breeders Superior breeders are the prerequisite and basis for accelerating the production of meat pigeons and improving the economic efficiency of the pigeon farm. The formal feeding unit must establish the core group, and the descendants must join the core group, through the primary selection (25 days or 1 month old with a body weight over 600g, good growth and development, in line with the characteristics of this species), and repeat (6 months old) And the final identification (produced after half an egg incubation) 3 processes. The standard of excellent breeders: strong adaptability, stable genetic performance, and strong resistance to disease; adult cocks weighing 0.75-0.90 kg, adult females weighing 0.65-0.80 kg; high reproduction rate, breeding pigeons 6-8 pairs; The eyes are bright, the rainbow is clear, the feathers are compact and shiny, and the body, feet, and wings are not deformed. The chest keel is straight without bending, the feet are thick, the chest is wide and round, and it is healthy and spiritual.
2 Matching pigeons
2.1 Females and males are identified as pigeons reserved for breeding after a month of basic sexual maturation. At this time, female and male pigeons should be kept separately to prevent early mating and premature delivery.
The identification of male and female pigeons is shown in Table 1.
The male and female of the pigeons identified the cocks and hens with the appearance and large body, large head, thick neck, and large and narrow nares, which are thick, thick and short with large feet. The head is smaller and smaller, the nose is narrow and narrow, the body is long and narrow, the body is small and the feet are short, and the neck is thin and soft.
Fast growth, strong growth and rush to eat first. Slow growth, slightly smaller body, most do not compete for food.
The predator is dynamic and lively. His character is fierce. He can use snapping or flapping when snapping. Mild, timid, slow-acting, fleeing at the time of capture.
A thick, buzzing sound is emitted when the tweet is snapped.
Eyes stare at each other, and their eyes are blinking. The blinking eyes of the vicissitudes of the eyes are gentle, and the blinking film is slower.
The anus (3 to 4 months old) protrudes outward when closed and is hexagonal when opened. Inward when closed, it is concave when opened.
The feathers are shiny and the main wing feathers are more pointed. The gloss is poor, and the main wings are blunt at the end.
2.2 The male and female companion pigeons are strictly "one husband and one wife". The breeding pigeons must be paired to reproduce. Natural pairing and artificial pairing can be adopted for pairing, that is, hens and mature males are stocked at a ratio of 1:1 for females and males, but natural pairing is easy to produce inbreeding, which results in a decrease in offspring's ability to live, productive performance and fecundity, and variety degradation. With manual matching, appropriate economic hybrids should be considered in the selection process to increase the weight, resistance to disease, and fertility of the product pigeons in order to increase economic efficiency; the selection must also take into consideration the species, age, shape, feather color of the male and female pigeons. , disease resistance and reproduction rate, etc., emphasis on species diversity, male and female individual differences and the stability of their genetic performance, timely elimination of degraded breeding pigeons; at the same time pay attention to observation, to prevent the female and male pigeons feelings of discord and mutual injury. Matching mates of meat pigeons needs to be met - love - match - consolidate the four processes.
3 The hatching and hatching of young pigeons are divided into natural and artificial hatching. The natural hatching is simple, no expensive equipment is needed, and the eggs are held in rotation by female and male progeny pigeons. The cocks are mainly from 9:00 to 16:00 and the rest are hens. Note the hatching: Incubate for 4 to 5 days, 1 egg, to remove the zygote and dead zygotes; hatch to the second day to do the second egg, in order to remove dead eggs. During hatching, the eggs are easily contaminated by faeces and the faeces adhere to the egg shells. On one hand, the embryo gas is blocked and exchanged. On the other hand, the feces contains a large amount of bacteria and penetrates into the eggs through the pores on the eggshell, thereby affecting the normal growth and development of the embryo. Therefore, you should always check it out. If you find that you should immediately wipe the stool with a towel soaked in warm water, this can significantly improve the hatching rate; but avoid washing with water, otherwise it will be unfavorable to the development of the embryo, and even cause embryonic death. In addition, for the health of the breeding pigeons and the extension of the useful life, the high temperature and cold season should be avoided during the incubation period; when the incubation period is basically the same, the newborn pigeons should be properly fostered or replaced by the nursery pigeon instead of the breeding pigeons. Continue egg production and shorten the production cycle.
Artificial hatching has a high hatching rate, a short production cycle, a long breeding period, and an annual output of more young pigeons. The artificially hatched equipment can be used as a small plane hatcher, replacing the hatched egg racks with egg racks for hatching pigeon eggs. Incubation temperature can be controlled at 37.8 ~ 38.2 °C, relative humidity of 55% ~ 65%, late humidity can be as high as 70% ~ 80% o difficult shelling, you can spray warm water on the egg surface, the first 16 days to go out of the hatching machine, Simultaneously detected dead embryonic eggs. According to the hatching time of the egg and the hatchling, the hatching takes place naturally.
Although the artificial hatching has many advantages, and the artificial pigeon milk technology of the newly hatched 7- to 14-day-old pigeon is already used for production, the artificial pigeon milk technology for 0-7 days old pigeons is not yet mature, so it is for pigeons. The use of artificial hatchery technology is temporarily difficult, and further research and practice are needed.
4 Pigeon management Pigeons refer to young birds from hatching to weaning. Pigeons are the main products of meat pigeon breeding due to their fast growth, short feeding cycle, low food intake, high feed conversion rate, low investment, and high profitability. After being hatched, the pigeons are nurtured by females and males in turn. It usually takes 30 to 35 days, and some can be nurtured for 40 days. Pigeons have an amazing growth rate, generally weighing between 0.55 and 0.75 kg for 23 to 28 days of age. In addition, the young pigeons have a weak vitality and are easily frozen to death, trampled to death and harmed by rats.
4.1 Pigeons fed from the shell to the age of 8 days are all fed with the pigeon's milk by the relatives of the pigeons. Pigeons of 8 to 10 days of age are fed with the pigeons and the feed by the relatives of the pigeons. The young pigeons after 10 days of age are pigeons. The pigeons fed by the relatives were slightly soaked in the sac. After the young birds are 8 days old, the proportion of small grain feeds, such as sorghum, rice, and tongue-cut beans, are appropriately increased in the feeding of the relatives. In addition, protein feeds should be added to the feed of the pro-pigeons to meet the nutritional needs of their pigeons; at the same time, they should be checked frequently. Once indigestion of young pigeons is found, one can manually add half a yeast. However, in actual production, in order to reduce the physiological burden of the parent pigeons, so that the pro pigeons produce a nest egg in advance, the pigeons are usually fed artificially when the pigeons are fed to 8 to 12 days of age, so that the pro pigeons lay eggs. 10 to 20 days ahead of schedule. The ingredients of artificial milk are: corn 45%, wheat 15%, brown rice 10%, pea 20%, milk powder 5%, yeast powder 5%, then add appropriate amount of vitamins, lysine, methionine, salt and minerals, with boiling water With 1:2 to 2 ratio of material to water into a paste, can be cooked and fed. The well-proportioned material can be injected into the pigeon's crop sac via the esophagus through a syringe-connected hose and fed 2 or 3 times a day. After 18 to 20 days of age, the pigeons can enter the fattening period. At this time, the pigeons can be fed with some granules. Material, after 8 to 10 days fattening, weighing about 500g to market.
4.2 The management needs to raise the pigeons, improve the survival rate of the pigeons and the fertility of the relatives. In the management, attention should be paid to adjusting the pigeons to feed the pigeons and to change the position of the pigeons (that is, when some of the parent pigeons are breastfeeding, they always feed the outside of the nest. One, resulting in 1 full, 1 insufficient. Therefore, 2 pigeons should be frequently swapped so that they grow evenly), and the pigeons are adjusted (that is, the 2 or 3 nests of similar ages are merged)戒 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 窝 1 1. In addition, health sand needs to be added to keep the nest clean and dry. During the pigeon stage, bedding should be changed frequently to keep the pigeons healthy.
5 Breeding management of growing pigeons
5.1 Pigeons (1 to 2 months old)
After the pigeons are detached from the pigeons, they must perform a primary election according to the species requirements. Newly-disassociated youngsters do not eat or drink, they need to be trained, and sometimes they may need to be fed manually. When feeding, regular, quantitative, overfeeding will produce food, you can feed some VB or yeast tablets to promote digestion. In order to improve the physique of young pigeons, appropriate amount of cod liver oil and calcium tablets can be added. In the first 15 days just before leaving the nest, it is best to feed seed foods such as grains with smaller grains, such as wheat, brown rice, mung beans, and crushed corn, soaked in water and dried before feeding, which is good for digestion and absorption of pigeons. At the same time, efforts should be made to prevent cold and keep warm and epidemic diseases.
5.2 Young Pigeon (3-6 months old)
The number of young birds from 3 to 4 months of age can be increased to 100 pairs. During this period, the number of young birds should be restricted to prevent overfeeding and result in excessive fat. Subjects should be kept separate from the male and female to prevent early maturing, early mating and premature birth. Feed 2 times a day and feed 35g a day. In addition, an insect repellent and selection of inferior work should be carried out. The young birds from 5 to 6 months of age have matured and their main feathers have been changed to the last one. They should be prepared before the pairing. The dietary adjustment was: bean feeds accounted for 25% to 30%, energy feeds accounted for 70% to 75%, fed 2 times a day, fed 40g per day each day; at the same time, they carried out insect repellent, selection and matching on cages. To reduce stress stimuli on pigeons.
6 Feeding Management of Pigeons
6.1 Feeds for pigeons are mainly based on legumes and cereals. The ratios are: 20% to 30% for beans and 70% to 80% for cereals. It is necessary to strengthen the feeding and management of the relatives of pigeons and provide enough feed and health-care sand with adequate protein content to meet the breeding needs. During the brooding period, the pigeons in the broodstock should have 3 to 4 kinds of cereals, such as corn, sorghum, wheat, rice, or brown rice, and 70% of the total amount should be taken. Beans should have 2 or more types, such as peas and mung beans. 30%; pigeons in non-brooding period, 80% in cereals and 20% in beans. In the summer, you can add more mung beans, and in the winter you can add barley, oats and millet. Every year in the late summer and early autumn, the breeding period of the pro-pigeon can reduce the protein content of the feed and reduce the amount of feed, prompting the pigeons to complete the moulting in a relatively short period of time, and to restore the full supply of feed in the late period of moulting. Add some sunflower seeds when moulting.
6.2 Management The new pairing should be checked in time to prevent the occurrence of all-public and all-mother phenomenon in order to reduce the ignorance. To minimize human interference and avoid the startling pigeons breaking their eggs. When moulting, the pigeons can make appropriate adjustments, make up for the best, but also do a good job of registration and breeding of pigeons. New species must be introduced to prevent inbreeding and species degradation.
7 day-to-day management
7.1 Feeding Methods and Feeding Rates According to experience, it is better for adult pigeons to feed 3 meals a day than to feed 2 meals. Usually, breakfast is taken at 7:30 for breakfast, 12:00 for Chinese lunch, and 18:00 for dinner. Do not eat early, eat late, have a meal, and eat a meal. This will not only affect the appetite of the pigeons, but will also be detrimental to growth and development, and it will also cause gastrointestinal diseases. The amount of feeding should be based on the size, movement and feeding of the pigeons: non-raising pigeons have about 40g/meal for each pair of pigeons, and reserve pigeons and youngsters have about 30g/meal for each pair of pigeons. Pigeons and youngsters should be soaked in water at a temperature of about 40°C for 30 minutes before feeding, and then allowed to air dry before feeding, which will facilitate the digestion of feedstuffs and reduce the occurrence of ecdystomy. Clean drinking water must be provided throughout the day, especially during the feeding period. If the water supply is insufficient, the parent pigeons will refuse to feed the young pigeons, and the young pigeons will easily cause food accumulation due to lack of water.
7.2 Putting Health Sands Health sand not only provides essential mineral elements for pigeons, but also promotes gastrointestinal motility, helps digestion and absorption of nutrients, and uses them to adsorb intestinal harmful gases and kill intestinal pathogenic microorganisms. Pigs like to eat fresh, dry health sand, so the best health sand delivery 1 / day, and do it by volume. In different stages of growth, pigeons also need different amounts of health sand. According to reports, during the incubation period, the required amount of health sand is 5.2-7.0g/day; for the breeding pigeons that are fed within 3 days of shelling, the required amount is 6.2-8.0g/day; The pigeons for pigeons with inner pigeons need 9.2~11.0g/day for 2 weeks; 11.5~13.0g/day for 2 weeks; 5.2~17.0g/day for 3 weeks; 17.5~ 4 weeks 19.0g/day.
7.3 Do a good job in environmental sanitation and strengthen the epidemic prevention and treatment loft temperature of 27 ~ 32 °C, humidity of 35% ~ 60%. The loft should be well-ventilated, with adequate light, cool in winter and cool in summer, dry and hygienic, and regularly disinfected to eradicate mosquitoes, flies and rodents, and prevent dogs and cats from entering the venue. The pigeon cages should be regularly cleaned and disinfected, and beddings should be replaced regularly. The troughs and sinks should be cleaned every day to reduce the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and provide pigeons with a quiet, comfortable and hygienic living environment as much as possible.
The disease of pigeons is less, but it still occurs. The main problems are: Newcastle disease, pigeon pox and pigeon paratyphoid. Therefore, vaccination should be done according to the epidemic situation of the local epidemic. In general, the youngsters will have their first inoculation around the 7th day after the normal self-feeding, 3 to 4 weeks before the pairing, they will be able to perform the 2nd inoculation to obtain a higher immunity. The breeding pigeons can be based on local The epidemic situation is vaccinated once every six months. Usually should be carefully observed, once the disease, timely treatment to prevent the occurrence of the disease.
7.4 Record records of production records: the survival rate, pass rate and disability rate of young pigeons; the matching date and weight of the breeding pigeons; the number of egg production and broken eggs produced by the producing pigeons; the number of eggs received, azoospermia and dead embryos The date and quantity of hatching, dying, etc. In addition, the number of ingredients eaten each day, the formulation of feed and health sands, and vaccines and medicines for prevention and treatment should all be recorded in a detailed form.


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