Tea is a traditional advantageous industry in the Anglo-German agricultural industry. With the continuous reform and deepening of the tea industry in the city, most of the state-run tea farms have been contracted to private owners and the tea gardens have been distributed to farmers. This kind of business management system easily brings about a certain amount of tea plantation production. Problems such as extensive management of tea gardens, predatory picking, unreasonable use of pesticides, and high pesticide residues. With the improvement of people's living standards, the quality requirements for food hygiene such as tea have become higher and higher, and pollution-free products have become a trend for people to consume. Non-environmental tea is a tea in which the hygienic quality index of harmful substances in tea products reaches the maximum limit standard set by the state, and is harmless to consumers' physical and mental health. Non-pollution tea is mainly achieved through strict selection of pesticides and fertilizers to control pesticide residues to meet the quality and hygiene standards. The following are some technical measures related to the production of pollution-free tea (reasonable use of pesticides, control of pesticide residues) for the reference of tea production enterprises in our city.
First, the rational use of pesticides in tea gardens.
1, the correct choice of pesticides. Tea gardens should be based on the actual situation of the occurrence of pests and diseases, as well as the characteristics and toxicity of pesticides, choose a high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue, safe and no adverse effects on crops and natural enemies, low-cost pharmaceutical species is appropriate. The use of highly toxic, highly toxic, and long-term pesticides is strictly prohibited. In 2000, the Ministry of Agriculture declared No. 199 that the state banned the use of pesticides: methamidophos, carbofuran, 666, DDT, toxaphene, and trichlorin. Acaricides, insecticides, herbicidal ethers, aldrins, dieldrin, mercury preparations, arsenics, lead, prodrug, tetramine, tetramethrin, fenvalerate.
2, to grasp the best time for medication. Some farmers may spray pesticides as soon as they discover any pests and diseases, whether they are suitable or not. In fact, different pesticides and insect pests have different application durations. For example, to prevent leaf-feeding pests, we must control the third-instar larvae. Before the drug effect is good. For individuals with small individuals and more than one generation of sucking insect pests, such as small green leafhoppers, they should seize the drugs before the first insect mouth height to achieve control effects. Small green leafhoppers, also known as leafhoppers and floating dusts, are the main pests that harm the tea plants. They can occur 9-11 generations a year. The characteristics of adults are to harm young shoots, absorb juice, and multiply on the back of the leaf tip. After the leaf tip is damaged, the leaf margin curls, growth stagnates, and dry coking occurs. The first insect peak began in the first half of May in the second round of tea. The first peak period lasted until the middle of July, and it entered the second peak in late September and continued until mid-November. The prevention and control methods are mainly adopted: (1) picking leaves in batches or leaves without leaves in batches, taking a large number of eggs along with buds; (2) removing weeds from tea gardens in time, intercropping should not be too dense, improving tea plantation environment, and suppressing the occurrence of wormholes; Pesticide control using 40% dimethoate or 80% dichlorvos 2000 times sprayed on the back of the tea bush bud tip, to spray better.
3, master the appropriate drug concentration and frequency. Some tea farmers have blindly increased the concentration and frequency of drug use. Excessive flowering concentrations and frequency of drug use have had extremely undesirable consequences. This has increased tea plantation investment and killed natural enemies. The appropriate drug concentration should be the lowest effective concentration; the appropriate number of drugs should be the least effective times, and for the tea garden picking cycle, it is required that each round of tea can only be used once.
4, correctly understand the effect of prevention and treatment. The purpose of the medication is to control the further damage of the pest and reduce the economic loss rather than completely eliminate it. It is impossible to eradicate a biological species. The rational use of pesticides is to achieve the pest control effect without polluting the environment, destroying the environmental conditions in which the natural enemies live, and at the same time it is ideal for the safety of people, animals, crops and natural enemies. Control effect.
Second, the tea garden pesticide residue control measures.
1. Strengthen agricultural control. The tea garden fertilizes organic manure, farmyard manure, reasonable mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, top-dressing compound fertilizer, control of urea application, and promotion of bio-organic fertilizer. Tea gardens should be cultivated in time, combined with pruning, to completely remove the dead leaves of the tea plantations, and put them deep in the rows. In the autumn, deep plowing should be carried out in the tea plantation to destroy pests inhabiting and spawning sites, and to reduce the number of pests and diseases. The second picking of tea, timely pruning, cut off the weak branches, branches and disease branches and branches, in winter with lime sulfur seal garden, reduce the number of overwintering insect population, reduce the harm in the coming year.
2. Strengthen the construction of ecological tea gardens and promote ecological balance. Tea gardens are habitats for tea tree pests and beneficial biological populations. They are ecologically balanced and biologically diverse in long-term symbiosis. According to the actual situation of tea gardens in different regions, they plant trees in open air, tea gardens, roads and other tea gardens. Fruit trees, to achieve the ecological balance of tea, forest grass, tea garden reasonable green, species diversity, water and soil protection is good, to achieve ecological balance, the formation of ecological tea garden.
3. Promote biological control and protect natural enemies. The use of beneficial organisms for biological control is a powerful means of ecological regulation of tea plant pests. Beneficial biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Black locust powder fungal preparations, plant preparations such as oxymatrine, azadirachtin, etc., which prevent and control Lizard weevil, small green leafhopper, aphid, black locust whitefly, etc.; use of parasitic Insects such as Trichogramma, Vespa parasites and predatory parasitoids, spiders, cockroaches, walkers and birds. Protect and utilize natural enemies resources, avoid the use of pesticides that are large in size, avoid pesticide application during the peak period of natural enemies, create a favorable environment for the survival of natural enemies, and protect natural enemies.
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