There are 32,000 acres of various types of mountain and small reservoirs (hereinafter referred to as Dashui surface) in Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province, accounting for 35% of the city's freshwater aquaculture area (except Gaozhou Reservoir). In recent years, Gaozhou has actively implemented the tilapia base production strategy, vigorously promoted the cultivation of tilapia, and applied the high-yield, high-efficiency culture technology and management model of pond culture tilapia to the deep development of large water surface, completely changing the In the past, the production potential of the extensive, extensive, low-yield and low-efficiency production conditions has greatly improved the production potential. Large water surface main tilapia can obtain significant economic benefits, and the water body is stable and the rent is low. As long as it is not used as a source of drinking water and other uses, scientific development can obtain a good harvest. The following is a brief description of several technical features of Dashui Meal Tilapia:
I. Clearance in Qingtang
This work is very important, but it is often neglected by farmers. Its role is sterilization, removal of predators, and improvement of the breeding environment. It can effectively prevent large fierce fish from harming cultured species and reduce wild fish and stocking fish. The competition between feed and water space. Water source is good, easy to drain water as much as possible to drain the water, dry clear pond best effect, with quicklime 50kg/mu ~ 75kg/mu watered slurry after pouring hot Quanchiposa, after a period of exposure water injection; Water Poor and drainable water surface can bring clear ponds to the water. After reducing the water level as much as possible, the tea cake of 40kg/mu~50kg/mu will be splashed when the water depth is 1.0m. The clear pond effect is also very good. In actual operation, pay attention to the timely collection of dead fish buried in order to avoid affecting water quality.
Second, cultivating water quality
Including the two stages of the cultivation of water in the early stage of cultivation and the cultivation of water in the later stage of cultivation. The pre-breeding period means that the average tail weight of the main cultured fish is 0.25 kg before, and the basic food organisms that increase fish palatability through the fertilizer and water reduce the cost of breeding. In the past, farmers’ estimates of investment in large-water aquaculture were inadequate. They could still be dealt with simply by feeding feedstuffs to farmed fish. However, as fish’s growth increased, fish’s food intake increased, and funding was insufficient to meet fish’s normal conditions. Due to the growing demand for food, the product is not able to meet the specifications and there is a loss. In response to the fluctuating seafood market in recent years, we have vigorously promoted the combination of fertilizer and water with feed and feed to ensure a steady development of fishery production. The large capital turnover of large-scale fish farming, supplemented by fertilizer and fish farming can both reduce costs and also counteract risks. It is worth noting that: all kinds of manure, including livestock manure, green manure, sugar factory filter bowl, etc., should be carried out before the application of large water surface sterilization, disinfection, and the implementation of detoxification treatment. In particular, livestock manure must also undergo fermentation and decomposing, and then use 1% to 2% of quicklime water to disinfect, and control the source links of livestock feed, drugs, and additives to prevent harmful substances from affecting the water quality through the faeces; sugar factory Filtration is a new source of fishery fertilizer, containing a lot of organic debris, both fertilizer and water for direct consumption of fish, the effect is good. The cultivation water quality in the later period of cultivation means that no additional organic fertilizer can be applied within 3 months before the fish is caught. The large water surface with good water source can be replaced with multiple injections of fresh water, and the large water surface with inconvenient water supply can use complex microbial preparations to remove the culture water. The organic pollutants in the system reduce the harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and nitrite, stabilize the pH of the water body, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, increase the dissolved oxygen in the water, and keep the water body fresh and live. At the same time, funds can be concentrated to enhance late feeding and promote the rapid growth of fish market.
Third, choose a good seed
After many years of production practices, O. tilapia has become the first major fish culture in Gaozhou because of its cold resistance, rapid growth, and high male rate. A tilapia breeding technique has high requirements, and it is difficult to produce fry with good shape and high male rate. If the male of the tilapia species is not high, stocking is carried out after 4 months of stocking, and the breeding density is raised. Rapid increase, a large number of larval oxygen consumption materials to seize the space, leading to a dilemma of breeding, therefore, the selection of high-quality male high-grade male tilapia is an important part of large-water surface culture. To ensure the quality of Anopheles tilapia fry, farmers should go to the tilapia breeding unit that has obtained a permit to produce aquaculture seedlings, and the masses generally reflect the effectiveness of the trial. In actual production, it is unrealistic to make Alliosis fish fry reach all-male. The solution is to stock some meat-eating fish for killing and clearing, for example, stocking 100 tails/mu to 300 tails/mu of freshwater pelicans. Received a certain effect.
Fourth, reasonable stocking
At present, aquatic products require higher prices and better quality. The quality of the products mentioned here mainly means that products should be up-to-standard and up-to-date. In recent years, the purchase and sale of tilapia is mainly divided into four grades, namely, the average tail weight is less than 0.5kg, 0.5kg-0.8kg, 0.8kg-1.1kg, and 1.1kg, and there are four grades corresponding to it. The price of the product, the price difference between each adjacent commodity is about 1 yuan/kg. As far as the current production situation is concerned, simply feeding the feed to produce a product with an average tail weight of 0.5 kg or less will result in a loss of about 1 yuan/kg. Therefore, it is an urgent need for aquaculture production to conduct reasonable stocking and drastically increase product specifications. The stocking densities recommended by us are tilapia 1000/mu - 1500/mu, freshwater white pheasant 100/mu - 300/mu, pheasant and loach 50/mu - 80/mu, quail 30/mu. ~ 50 tails/mu, suitable for raising some squid. If the farming conditions are poor, the main species tilapia should not exceed 1000 tails/mu. The actual production shows that the spadging yield is not lower than that of the close-knitted production. After the ploughing, many large-surface mu produce reached more than 2t, and the product specifications and breeding profits are all simultaneously increased. The average mu profit is more than 2,000 yuan, the highest mu profit More than 4,000 yuan.
Fifth, scientific harvest
Harvesting of catches in large-water aquaculture is very important. In the past few years, there was a reservoir with an area of ​​several hundred acres, and its main species, Ao tilapia, had reached the specifications as a whole. Due to the long period of intermittent arrests, the income from production was used to store pond fish again. In the feed input, there was a situation where the fish in the pond had eaten out of the listed fish and eventually suffered a serious loss. Practice has shown that for 1 day of fishing, fish do not ingest food for 3 days, and food intake is not normal within 1 week. Even if there is fish ingestion, there is a situation where consumption does not increase. In addition, long-term net catching will easily cause fish damage. Even after death, the fish body is gradually wasted and impaired. Therefore, when the time is ripe, rapid catching can ensure the breeding income. To achieve this, we must pay attention to the following issues: First, the specifications of the stocked species should be as consistent as possible, and uniform feeding, to ensure that most individuals meet the ideal commodity specifications at the same time; Second, the capture point is selected, and the feed is fed. The location should be set in a place where it is easy to arrest, so as to ensure that the fish in the catchment area is intensive and shorten the period of catching. The third is to pay attention to market information and strive for timely harvest during the prosperous period.
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