During the rice planting season until the flood period, farmers must pay close attention to the prevention and control of various diseases such as bakanae, rice blast, and dry acridosis, as well as pests like planthoppers and locusts. In the rice break period, focus should shift to managing rice planthoppers, leaf rollers, aphids, panicle blast, and smut diseases. During the ear stage, planthoppers remain the main concern, with other pests and diseases also needing attention.
First, controlling rice planthoppers is crucial. Farmers are advised to increase organic fertilizer use, conduct soil testing for balanced fertilization, implement shallow water irrigation, and perform timely field baking. Applying chemical pesticides before July can help promote the breeding of natural enemies in the fields.
When nymph populations reach 1,000–1,500 per square meter (with over 60% brown planthoppers), or 1,500–2,000 per square meter (with over 60% white-backed planthoppers) during the booting to heading stages, it's time to take action. Pymetrozine, buprofezin, ethiprole, chlorpyrifos, and dichlorvos are effective options. For complex infestations, a mixture of two agents may be used. Spraying should occur on the middle and lower parts of the rice plants, with a 5 cm water layer maintained for 5 days. In dry fields, more water should be added. Alternatively, fumigation with dichlorvos can be considered.
Second, controlling rice leaf rollers involves promoting early growth, moderate mid-season nitrogen application, and avoiding excessive late-season nitrogen. During major outbreaks, the best time for treatment is during the egg hatching peak, followed by a second application after 7 days. In moderate years, targeting the young larvae peak is recommended. Bt, avermectin, and other bio-pesticides can be used. For later generations, avermectin, profenofos, chlorantraniliprole, and others are suitable.
Third, for rice borers, winter plowing and deep water flooding for over a week can help reduce their population. Postponing sowing dates can also avoid peak damage periods. Using sex attractants and insecticidal lamps reduces reliance on chemical pesticides. For the second generation, Bt or its mixtures should be applied at the egg hatch peak, or insecticides during the first and second instar stages. If egg density exceeds 120 per mu, treatment during the egg incubation phase is necessary.
Fourth, preventing rice blast involves rotating varieties every 4–5 years. Before planting, seeds can be soaked in 25% prochloraz or 5.5% dithiocyano methane. Proper use of N, P, K, and foliar sprays, along with shallow irrigation and timely field baking, helps manage the disease. For seedling mites and leafhoppers, treating 1–2 times when diseased leaves reach 3–5% is effective. Panicle blast requires strict protection 3–5 days before heading, followed by a second treatment after one week.
Fifth, rice stripe disease control focuses on reducing susceptible varieties like japonica rice. Promoting resistant varieties such as Xudao No. 3 and Yanjing No. 9 is recommended. In severe areas, using insect-repellent nets and delaying sowing can help avoid planthopper migration. Pymetrozine or chlorpyrifos can be used for pest control during key life stages.
Sixth, rice smut prevention includes planting disease-resistant varieties like Xieyou Series and Xiushui 664. Two applications of tebuconazole or Jinggangmycin are recommended—once 10 days before heading and again during the heading period.
Seventh, rice sheath blight management involves removing debris from the field and applying balanced N, P, K. When disease cluster rates reach 20% or heading reaches 40%, spraying with thiofanate-methyl, Jinggangmycin, or other fungicides is necessary. Severe cases require reapplication every 7–10 days.
Overall, maintaining proper irrigation, crop rotation, and integrated pest management practices are essential for sustainable rice production. Farmers should also rotate pesticide types to prevent resistance and ensure long-term effectiveness.
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