In winter, maintaining proper temperature is crucial for the health and reproductive success of rabbits. When the temperature in the rabbit house drops below 5°C, female rabbits stop ovulating, and male rabbits experience a decrease in libido. If the farrowing box temperature falls below 15°C, newborn kits are more likely to struggle with survival. To ensure warmth and comfort during cold months, several effective heating and insulation methods can be applied in rabbit farming:
1. **Shed Heating and Insulation**: Building the rabbit house on a sunny, leeward side helps maximize natural warmth. During winter, attaching plastic sheets to the outer walls and covering the floor with straw in the evening can raise daytime temperatures to around 25°C and nighttime temperatures to about 15°C. It's important to ventilate the area during the day when temperatures rise to maintain air quality and prevent respiratory issues.
2. **Cellar Insulation Method**: For small-scale farmers, using a cellar as a breeding space is an efficient option. Pregnant does are kept in the cellar and allowed to give birth in underground holes. After the kits are born, the mother is moved out, and this method not only reduces labor but also increases the survival rate of the young. This technique is particularly suitable for rural farmers raising limited numbers of Rex rabbits.
3. **Electric Heating**: The most commonly used electric heating method involves hanging a 25-watt incandescent bulb above the litter box. This keeps the temperature inside the box at approximately 20°C. However, it’s essential to keep the bulb at a safe distance from the kits to avoid burns. This method is simple and effective for keeping newborns warm.
In addition to heating, providing adequate nutrition is vital during the winter. A balanced diet that includes both refined and coarse feeds should be offered. Carrots, malt, and bean sprouts rich in vitamins should be included to support overall health. In colder evenings, feeding hay as the primary feed and reducing water intake can help prevent digestive problems like bloating and diarrhea.
Finally, proper breeding management plays a key role in improving fertility rates. To stimulate estrus in females, artificial aphrodisiacs such as intramuscular injections of equine chorionic gonadotropin (30–50 IU) or human chorionic gonadotropin (40–60 IU) can be used. Female rabbits typically go into heat 2–3 days after the injection, making this a good time for mating. To increase conception rates, it’s recommended to breed twice, ideally during sunny and windless midday hours when conditions are most favorable.
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