In order to ensure the health and survival of rabbits during colder months, proper heat preservation is essential. When the temperature in the rabbit house drops below 5°C, female rabbits stop ovulating, and male rabbits experience a decrease in libido. If the temperature inside the farrowing box falls below 15°C, it becomes more difficult for newborn pups to survive. To maintain optimal conditions, several effective heating and insulation methods can be applied in practice:
First, constructing the rabbit house on the leeward and sunny side helps maximize natural warmth. During winter, attaching a plastic sheet to the outer walls and covering the floor with straw in the evening can raise the daytime temperature to around 25°C and keep it at about 15°C at night. It's important to ventilate the area when temperatures rise during the day to ensure fresh air circulation and prevent respiratory issues.
Second, using a cellar for insulation is another practical approach. Pregnant does are kept in a cool, underground space where they can give birth in a natural hole. After the pups are fully weaned, the mother is moved back to the main area. This method is cost-effective, requires less labor, and ensures a high survival rate, making it ideal for small-scale farmers or those raising a limited number of rabbits.
Third, electric heating is commonly used by suspending a 25-watt incandescent bulb above the litter box. This keeps the temperature inside the box around 20°C. However, care must be taken to position the bulb at a safe distance from the pups to avoid burns. This method is especially useful in colder regions where additional warmth is necessary.
In addition to temperature control, providing adequate nutrition is crucial during winter. The diet should include a mix of refined and coarse feed, with an emphasis on vitamin-rich foods such as carrots, malt, and bean sprouts. On cold evenings, hay should be the primary feed, and water intake should be limited to prevent digestive problems like bloating and diarrhea.
Lastly, proper breeding management plays a key role in improving reproductive success. To stimulate estrus in female rabbits and increase fertility rates, artificial aphrodisiacs such as intramuscular injections of equine chorionic gonadotropin (30–50 IU) or human chorionic gonadotropin (40–60 IU) can be used. Females typically come into heat within 2–3 days after injection, and breeding should occur during this period. For better results, a second mating is recommended, ideally on a sunny and windless afternoon to enhance conception chances.
By combining these strategies—temperature control, nutritional support, and breeding optimization—rabbit farmers can significantly improve the health, survival, and productivity of their animals during the winter season.
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