The tomato, also known as the ear tomato, is the newest tomato variety that has been bred and matured on the international market. It has a beautiful shape of the ears, and is not easy to dry due to hypertrophy of the sepals, the hardness of the fruit is resistant to storage, and the fruit has long shelf life and fruit. Neat and consistent, good product quality and other reasons welcomed by consumers, has now occupied the majority of fresh tomato market in Europe. Tomato fruit bagging is the use of special fruit bags (white paper coating bags) for the complete spike package, which can reduce the number of diseased fruits, reduce the amount of pesticides, and increase the yield; prompt the fruit in the bag to turn red naturally and turn red earlier, eliminating pre-harvest ethylene Promote the application of ripening hormone treatment issues; isolate sources of pollution, improve the health and safety of fruit quality; improve the quality of fruit products and other advantages. The tomatoes belonging to the hard fruit type and the whole bunch of harvest are very suitable for the bagging cultivation. The fruit bagging is applied in the stringing tomato overwintering cultivation to reduce the disease rate. In 2010, Ruian City, Zhejiang Province, Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Ruian City, Wenzhou Agricultural Bureau High-tech Agriculture Demonstration Park, carried out greenhouses tomato fruit bagging winter long-term cultivation techniques demonstration, and achieved good results, the average yield of 7200 kg per mu, output value More than 30,000 yuan, economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits are more obvious. The wintering and long-term cultivation techniques for bagging tomato fruits are described below.
I. Variety selection
In greenhouses (multi-span greenhouses and greenhouses), long-season cultivation of bunches of tomatoes should be selected, and varieties of indeterminate growth varieties such as Mansina should be selected for early maturation, robust plant growth, high disease resistance, neatly arranged ear, reddish fruit color, and delicious taste. , Lina, DRC1009 and so on.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
1. The appropriate sowing time for wintering sowing in Wenzhou area is in the middle and early September.
2. Substrate preparation and disinfection using plug matrix seedlings. The matrix is ​​mixed with peat, perlite, and vermiculite at a ratio of 2 to 1 to 1 and 0.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is added per cubic meter. The mixture is sterilized with 30% xymycin and 800 times liquid and placed in 50 holes. use.
3. Seeds sown have been treated with a coating agent and can be dried directly; seeds not treated with a coating agent are soaked in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, soaked in normal temperature for 6 hours, and germinated at a constant temperature of 28°C. Before sowing, the matrix substrate was soaked with water, one for each well, covered with wet vermiculite, covered with a mulch, and kept moist.
4. Seedling management The optimum temperature for tomato seed germination is 25~30°C. In Wenzhou, sowing is to prevent high temperature in September. When the temperature in the tray exceeds 35°C, cooling measures should be taken in time to ensure that the emergence of seedlings is neat and consistent. When about 50% of seeds are sprouted, the mulch film is promptly opened, and proper ventilation reduces the temperature. The temperature during the day is controlled at 20~25°C. Seedlings are planted in 4 to 5 true leaves and field plots should be opened in a timely manner one week before planting. The seedling shed must prevent the spread of the virus from whiteflies, and pay attention to prevent the emergence of tall seedlings.
Third, colonization
1. After the shed has been sterilized and the front crop has been pulled, the stalks and weeds in the shed are cleaned. The manure is applied to the soil and deep-turned. The ridge is then flooded and the mulch is covered on the ground. The entire shed was sprayed with potassium permanganate to disinfect the greenhouse. Then the greenhouse was sealed and the greenhouse was covered with high temperature for 15 to 20 days. After releasing the air for 1 to 2 days, preparations for planting were started.
2. Fertility string tomato leaves luxuriant, robust plants, tomato hybrid seed production techniques like soil fertility level medium, generally required to apply per acre of chicken manure or pig manure 6 to 8 square, compound fertilizer 50 to 75 kg, calcium and magnesium 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 2 kg of boron fertilizer, and 2 kg of zinc fertilizer.
3. The planting mode is small sorghum, and the general stalks are about 160 centimeters wide, with 2 rows per plant, about 40 centimeters of plant spacing, and about 2000 cultivars per acre. It is recommended to use silver and black double-colored plastic mulch to cover the locusts, reduce the temperature, and eliminate weeds. Features. Four leaves and one heart can be planted. One day before planting, the water should be poured into the water, and the seedlings should be planted.
Fourth, field management
1. The temperature management of winter tomato temperature and humidity greenhouses should adhere to the principle of pre-insulation, mid-term temperature promotion, and late temperature control. Pre-incubation: Closed greenhouses within 1 week after planting, heat and moisturizing, promote slow seedlings, maintain the temperature within the shed during the day 26 ~ 28 °C, 18 ~ 20 °C at night. Mid-term warming: the early winter flowering of tomato in greenhouses is a result of winter, and the temperature is low. The heating measures can be adopted appropriately. Generally, three layers are used to cover the second membrane and plastic film in the greenhouse membrane to keep the temperature inside the greenhouse at 20~25°C during the day. , 13~17°C at night. Late temperature control: The temperature gradually increases after the spring of the following year. Ventilation and ventilation should be conducted in time to avoid high temperature and high humidity and prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
2. Water and fertilizer management Water and fertilizer should not be too large, so as to avoid cracking fruit, top-dressing with high-potassium and high-calcium fertilizers, combined with spraying boron fertilizer and other trace elements, usually do small water pouring, good ventilation inside the shed. Big fat water, otherwise unfavorable for plant growth.
3. After the plant is adjusted and planted, the vine is usually started when the plant grows to 40 cm. It is forbidden to bring the vines down so as not to affect the commodity of the first fruit. If the trees are too thin and weak, they can be sprayed again and again. After spraying the first spike, Chlorella can be sprayed. The spraying frequency of columnar and chlormeine may be determined according to the growth of greenhouse plants. Remember not to do it too often, otherwise the fruits will be short or the fruits will be arranged irregularly, affecting the commodity. value. Single branch pruning was used to timely remove lateral branches and old diseased leaves. Note that the lower leaves of each ear of fruit can only be destroyed when they are harvested, otherwise fruit growth will be affected. Leave 8 to 9 spikes to the top, and then leave the lateral branches to continue the results, or you can not top, continue to retain fruit.
4. It is recommended to spend 25~40 mg/kg of anti-dropping agent on flowers or spray flowers. Generally, the first ear has less flowers, it is recommended to leave 4~6 flowers. From the second spike flower into the normal management, it is recommended to leave 8 to 10 fruit, point flowers are generally divided into 2 points, the end of the individual points 3 times, the first time the first point 4-5 semi-flowering sequence, the second all points Finish. The time interval between flowering is closely related to the temperature. When the temperature is high, the flowering time of one ear is usually every other day, and the anther concentration must be reduced. When the temperature is low, the time spent on flowering becomes longer, and it can be once every 2 to 3 days, and the anther concentration of the point should be increased.
V. Fruit bagging
1. Bag-type special fruit bags (lining paper bags), 30 to 35 centimeters long, 28 centimeters wide, sealed at the bottom and both sides of the fruit bag, open at the top, leaving 2 rows of 2 pairs of vent holes on both sides. About how to make spring tomato early result, please refer!
2. Bagging method Whole fruit bagging.
3. The bagging period is suitable for bagging in the fruit setting period. At this time, the diameter of the fruit is in the range of 1.0 to 1.6 cm. The petals are in a state of wilting and easy removal. Premature bagging can cause flower ear damage and hinder farm operation.
4. Apply bagging method to spray flowers, wait until the petals are wilted and remove in time, leave no residue → select 6~10 fruits → open the sides with a small bamboo rod, open the bag, hold the whole ear fruit, and adjust the bottom corner to be inclined Keep one side vent upwards, close the bag mouth, close the bag mouth with staples → organize the paper bag to be in the upright state → during fruit enlargement after bagging, the agricultural management of the tomato can be performed according to the routine → wait for the fruit in the bag When natural turns red, it will be listed on the whole harvest.
VI. Pest Control
Common diseases during the planting period are gray mold, bacterial spot, and early-to-late disease; insect pests include thrips, aphids, and whiteflies. Widespread drugs should be used to prevent infections. Drugs should be given 7 to 10 days. .
7. Harvesting
Using the method of whole-ear harvesting, the last fruit of each ear entered the color-changing period, and scissors were used at the base of the ear to cut the bags in the ears. The fruit bags were carefully removed, and the ear was put into cartons as a premium vegetable market.
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