Symptoms The disease includes three kinds of crown rust, stem rust, and stripe rust. Over the country's oat growing areas, the first two kinds of victims suffer heavy weight, and the southern part of the oats area suffers heavy damage. Oat crown rust mainly occurs in the middle and late stages of oat growth, and the lesions occur on leaves, leaf sheaths and stems. At the early stage of disease, small yellow-orange ellipses form on the leaves, and later lesions gradually expand and appear slightly raised sores, namely the summer spores. When the package on the spore pile is broken, the uredia spores are emitted. When late oats are nearly yellow, a black, non-ruptured teliospore stack is produced on the basis of the summer spore heap. (Figure left)
Oat stem rust disease summer spores heap in the culm, leaves and leaf sheaths, long oval shape, late rupture of the package. In the past few years in the Northeast and Inner Mongolia, the onset was widespread and severe.
The pathogenic Oat Crest bacterium was Puccinia coronata f.sp.avenae Eriess, which was called the Oat specialization type of Pleurotus ostreatus; the stem rust was Puccinia graminis Pers. var. avenae Eriks. et E.Henn. . All belong to Basidiomycotina fungi. The rust of P. brassicae can infect a variety of grasses, and the parasitism differences are significant. Based on this, the relevant experts divided it into 10 variants, among which oats were infected by P. coronata. f. sp. avenae Erikss, a special type of oat cultivar called Pleurotus ostreatus. The sexual spores were born on the leaves of the genus Rhamnoides. The rust spores were born on the back of the leaves. The uredia spores were born on the back of the leaves of oats and were elliptical to elongated and 1.2-2.00.8-1.2 (mm) in size. The summer spores are pale yellow, spherical or nearly spherical, 18.8-2515-21.3 (μm) in size, with a thin thorn on the outside of the wall and no side wires. The teliospore was born on the back of the leaves, oval, 0.6-1.1mm in size, and the coating was not broken. The teliosporn is dark brown, double-celled, stick-like, 33-6214-25 (μm) in size, with 3-7 finger tips at the top, resembling a crown, and is therefore called crown rust. The rust of Puccinia ruthenoides is named as P. graminis Pers. var. avenae Eriks. et E. Henn. It is named as Pleurotus ostreatus oat variety or Oat straw rust. . The sporozoites are born on both sides of the small loquat leaves. The rust spores are born on the back of the uplifted, orange-yellow spots. The summer spores grow on oat stalks, leaves or leaf sheaths. They are oblong, and the summer spores are spherical to elliptic. Fine thorns, light brown, size 18-4015-25 (μm), with 4 buds. The teliospore pile is black and elliptic; the teliospores are twins, stick-like, bulging at the top or nearly circular, 28 to 6414 to 24 (μm) in size.
Both the transmission route and the onset of disease are similar to the two wheat rust epidemic patterns and wheat rust. In Guizhou and Yunnan, repeated infestations occurred at the summer spore stage to complete the entire annual cycle of infection; in the mountainous area or the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, its occurrence period was delayed with increasing altitude; low-temperature regions originated in early April, and in mid-May, In late period, it will enter the peak period; elevation above 2000m will be postponed for 20-30 days.
Control methods (1) Breeding of disease-resistant varieties such as Yong 465 in Inner Mongolia, introduction of Hariman, Hemon, Roswell, Western Canada, Gemini, Gali, and Rhodena. In addition, Harriman, Yong 456, 73-10 and other stem rust. (2) Early sowing so that the rust of Daejeon is at the late growth stage of oats can reduce losses. (3) Datian rust disease should be timely sprayed with 20% triadimefon EC 1500-2000 times or 25% enemy demulsification oil 4000 times solution and 20% diuretic sodium wettable powder 1000 times solution every 15— 20 days, 1 to 2 times.
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