At present, China's farmland has entered the growing season of winter crops such as big, wheat and rapeseed. Doing a good job of prevention and control of diseases and pests of pre-winter grain and oil crops is very important for reducing the number of wintering pests and diseases, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases of spring crops next year, and ensuring the harvest of spring crops. The pest control and chemical weed control techniques for winter grain and oil crops are as follows:
First, the occurrence of diseases and weeds
The wintering of Laodelphax striatellus and black-tailed leafhoppers in winter, the occurrence of rice stripe disease, black-streaked dwarf disease and corn virus disease transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus have been enlarged and aggravated. It will still be high, which is beneficial to the occurrence of rice black streaked dwarf disease and corn virus disease. This year, wheat has been harmed, and stripe leaf blight is common, and some fields are seriously damaged. Spring grass crops have a large number of types of grass weeds. Because the sowing of winter crops (transplanting) to seedling stage is the key period for pest control and chemical weed control, therefore, all regions should scientifically formulate prevention and control based on the actual conditions of winter crops and diseases, pests, and weeds, combined with the new occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds. Technical measures, and through various kinds of publicity methods such as pest information, technical materials, and blackboard reports, as well as on-site conferences and training courses, intensified prevention and control technology propaganda and training efforts, and strived to increase the rate of prevention and control technology measures in place.
Second, prevention and control of technical advice
(1) To do a good job in seed treatment prior to sowing is crucial to controlling the diseases of seed propagation and disease in early stage of wheat seedlings, and has the effect of doing more with less. It actively guides farmers to carry out seed treatment. Seed treatment methods include seed dressing and soaking: use 25% triadimefon wettable powder 50g seed dressing 50kg wheat seed, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 100g add water 50kg liquid soaking 24 hours later remove Let dry sowing.
(2) Doing a good job of prevention and control of seedling pests in spring crops and controlling the occurrence of viral diseases. Crop seedlings are susceptible to viral disease. Therefore, it is the key to prevent and control the occurrence, spread and spread of virus disease. When the rape seedlings have a pod strain rate of 3%-5% or when the pod strain is more than 10% after transplanting, the medicament is used for prevention and treatment. In the areas of rice black-streaked dwarf disease and striped beetle disease, it is necessary to prevent and control wintering planthoppers, and to combine the chemical treatment of spring flowers to add chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids as pesticides.
(c) Vigorously carry out chemical weeding to reduce the loss of weeds.
1. Wheat field chemical weeding technology
(1) No-tillage wheat field weeding before sowing. 5-7 days before sowing in wheat field, mu with 10% glyphosate 400-600 ml, or 41% glyphosate 150-200 ml, 20% paraquat water 200 ml, 30 kg water Spraying to eradicate the old grass, Laodelphax striatellus added chlorpyrifos, pyrethroids and other insecticides.
(2) Weeding at the seedling stage after sowing. After sowing, until the seedlings of the 2 leaf 1 heart stage of the wheat seedlings or the 2 leaf 1 heart stage of the weeds, the mu 50% isopropanol wettable powder 100-125 g, 40 kg water evenly sprayed. Wheat field can also be in the weeds 2-4 leaf stage, mu 15% oxalic acid (Mike pole) WP 20g, even spray on the water 30-45 kg, heavy-leaved weeds in the wheat field can increase by 10% Tribenuron WP 15-20 g.
2. Chemical weeding technology in rape fields
(1) Before the rapeseed is planted, old grass is eliminated. 5-7 days before sowing or transplanting, use 20% paraquat water 150-200 ml, or 41% glyphosate 150-200 ml, or 10% glyphosate 400-600 ml. Spray 30-40 kg on water.
(2) The weed buds are blocked. Transplanting rapeseed before transplanting or after transplanting weeds before unearthing, live rapeseed within 1-2 days after sowing and recultivating, 50% acetochlor EC 70 ml, or 90% acetochlor EC 30-40 ml Transplanting rapeseed can be used for 1-3 days before transplanting, with 35% isoamyl acetochlor wettable powder 50-70 grams per mu, and even spraying of 40-50 kilograms of water (better effect in the morning or early evening). . When the soil is dry, it is necessary to appropriately increase the amount of water in order to increase the blocking effect of weeds.
(3) Stem and leaf treatment. Weeds dominated by grasses, at the 3-4 leaf stage of weeds, with 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl, 45-60 ml, or 30% Shuangcaonet EC 80-100 Ml, or 10.8% Efficient flupirizurne (Hikari) Emulsion 25-30 ml, spray evenly on water 30-40 kg. The broad-leaved weeds can be used in the 2-3 leaf stage of weeds. After rape is returned to green, 50% of the herbicide is used for mu (Gertex) 30-40 ml of suspension agent and 30-40 kg of water. Evenly spray. Weed grass and broad-leaved weeds can be used as a re-applied rapeseed field and can be controlled with a combination of herbicide and quizalofop. The live rapeseed is in the 4-6 leaf stage of seedlings, the transplanted rapeseed is in the 7-10 days after transplanting, and the weeds are in the 2-4 leaf stage. When the mu is used, 90. Spray 30-40 kg on water.
3. Chemical Weeding Techniques in Green Fertilizer Field and Other Dicotyledon Crops
For 2-3 leaf stage grassy weeds such as Aegiceras violacea, use 5% quizalopyrrolid (emulsion), 45-60 ml, or 10.8% flupirtine (high-efficiency herb) Emulsifiable concentrates are 20-25 ml and evenly spray 30-40 liters of water.
4. Precautions
(1) Herbicide should be selected according to the grass phase, and the proper application period and usage amount should be strictly controlled, and even spraying should be performed to prevent re-spraying and missed spraying. When applying pesticides, pay attention to the soil moisture, especially the use of pre-emergent soil treatment agents. Generally, after the rain, the soil moisture has a good effect. If the soil is dry, the amount of water in the mu can be increased to 60 liters, or it can be used after being irrigated to improve the weed control effect. In the event of drought, drought should be applied first and then applied.
(2) Isoproturon should be used to control the weeds in wheat fields and pay attention to the effects of cold waves. Apply pesticides to cold tail warmers to avoid phytotoxicity.
(3) The herbicide and its compound preparation should not be used in the rapeseed fields of Chinese cabbage and mustard, and should be used when the temperature is above 8°C.
(4) It is forbidden to use long-lasting herbicides that have a greater impact on the growth of post-crop crops. Herbicides containing metsulfuron and chlorsulfuron are not recommended in wheat fields. It is not recommended to use herbicides containing azulfuron-methyl in rapeseed fields in order to avoid phytotoxicity on post-plant crops.
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