The symptoms of chrysanthemum root cancer mainly occur at the root neck of the plant or on the lateral roots and stems. The diseased part produces tumours of different sizes. The initial tumour is gray-brown and has a smooth surface. The texture is not hard, and it turns brown afterwards. The epidermis is rough or The cracks become hard, causing the upper part of the ground to lose chlorosis or yellowing, the leaves are small and fall early, and the diseased plants grow slowly or die. (Figure left)
Pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EF.Smith et Townsend) Conn. It is called Acinetobacter tumefaciens or Agrobacterium tumefaciens and belongs to bacteria. Bacteria short rod-shaped, solitary or paired, size 1.2-30.4-0.8 (μm), with 1-5 peripheral flagella, Gram-negative, can form decidua, no spores In broth agar cultured rapidly, colonies white, round, neat edges, light translucent. On the liquid medium, it was cloudy and cloudy with a thin film on the surface. Physiological and biochemical manifestations: non-liquefied gelatin; coagulated cow's milk but not deuterated; reduced litmus milk blue; slightly reduced nitrate; micro acidification on glucose, fructose, arabinose, galactose, mannitol, salicylic acid However, it does not produce gas; it does not hydrolyze starch. The temperature limit for bacterial growth was 37°C, 25-30°C, and lethal temperature was 51°C for 10 minutes. Bacteria acid range pH 5.7-9.2, the optimum pH 7.3.
Transmission routes and onset conditions Root cancer bacteria overwinter in the tumor tissue or mixed with soil. Bacteria can survive in the soil for more than a year, spreading through rain and irrigation water. In addition, underground pests such as cockroaches, cockroaches and nematodes can also spread bacteria. Bacteria invade through damage caused by insect, mechanical and other root diseases. After invading, it was only colonized in cortical tissue. In the process of parasitism, B-indole acetic acid stimulated the peripheral cells to accelerate the division and the volume increased to form cancer. After host cells become cancerous, no bacteria can continue to expand. Temperature and humidity are the main conditions for the infection of root cancer bacteria. The infection and incidence of pathogens increase with the increase of soil moisture, and vice versa. Carcinoma has close relationship with temperature. Carcinoma grows faster and bigger at 28°C, but does not form above 3l to 32°C. It is slow and small below 26°C. Alkaline soil is conducive to disease. Acidic soils are unfavorable to the disease. pH6.2-8 can still maintain the pathogenicity of pathogens, and the incidence of disease below pH 6 is mild or not. The soil is heavy and the drainage is poor; the soil with loose soil and well-drained sandy soil is light. Inadvertent farming or damage by underground pests, resulting in wounds, are conducive to the invasion of pathogens and increase the incidence of disease. Seedlings carry the bacteria is the main way of long-distance transmission.
Control methods (1) Strict quarantine, soaking seedlings with 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate 1500 times for half an hour or 1% 96% copper sulphate for 5 minutes after suspicion of diseased seedlings. (2) More than 2 years of rotation in severe wards. (3) Cultivate and use resistant varieties. (4) Strengthen field management, carefully cultivate, avoid all kinds of wounds, and find serious diseased strains to be removed in a timely manner. Mild disease strains can use antibacterial agent 402 to water 300-400 times solution or cut off tumors with 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate Soluble powder 3000 times smear, there is a certain therapeutic effect. If necessary, use methyl iodide iodine solution, that is, 50 parts of methanol, 25 parts of glacial acetic acid, and 12 parts of iodine tablets are evenly spread on the surface of the tumor and 3 cm around the tumor surface to kill the surface bacteria of the tumor. (5) Biological control. It has been reported in foreign countries that a non-pathogenic Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 strain isolated from the roots of cancerous plants can emit radiotrophin 84 (agrocin 84), a nucleotide bacteriocin that is effective Inhibiting the formation of cancerous tissue, using K84 preparations such as soaking or immersing roots, has a good control effect against cancerous diseases.
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