The film-mulching rice production technology is another new technology with strong practicality and strong prospects after the promotion of large-area production technology of secondary-ground film wheat in China. Its advantages are warming, water-saving, grass-killing, early maturing and high-yield, and can reduce field labor intensity. The main cultivation techniques are as follows.
(1) Yield indicators, species selection and seedlings
The production index is 9 -10.5 tons/ha. Select high-yield varieties of indica rice with strong resistance, strong stunts, large panicles, and high yield potential. Dry rafts, wet rafts, and cultivating by various methods can be used for cultivating mulch. The seedlings can be transplanted with 3 leaves and 1 heart.
(2) Site Preparation, Fertilization, and Lamination
1 The ploughing fields must remove the root crops, grass sticks and other debris from the former crops during the ploughing, and combine the cultivated land with the finely-distributed farm manure, applying 95 tons per hectare. The fertilizer is generally applied with ammonium bicarbonate. 750 kilograms of superphosphate, or balanced fertilization on the basis of soil testing, is more scientific.
2 Daejeon made mattresses Daejeong made mattresses is a key technical link (formally known as high bed and low run). Bed width 140 - 150 cm, and the extent of plastic film - Zhi, that is, people out of the arm can be inserted into the middle of the seedlings - behavioral standards; length is not limited, according to the length of the plot; the direction of the line should be suitable for ventilation. A ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 20 - 25 cm is left around each bed. Twisting should be done before the whole shape, after the release of water soaked in the field, and then wet the entire leveling bed. Daguang Ping as a mirror, no roots, no straw, no uneven, so that when the membrane can be achieved with the membrane closely attached to the bed surface, within the air bubble tympanic membrane, in order to achieve grass warming effect.
3 After the film has been set in the field, it can be covered with a number of mattresses. Firstly, align the membrane head with the edge of the bed ditch, press the membrane head into the ditch with mud, and then place the roller of the membrane on the bed with a thin round wooden rod in the middle. The two are on both sides of the bed respectively. Go forward in the ditch, use the same force, cover it flat, and tie it on both sides, close to the bed, cut to the ground, and press the membrane to the ditch. Then follow this move and cover a bed of mulching film.
(3) Transplanter
1 The method must be planted by pull wires. Two or more persons are standing in the two sides of the ditch, respectively, and transplanting is performed line by line along the left and right sides of the face. When inserting, use the right middle finger or forefinger to poke the hole in the specified position, and then use the finger to reverse the membrane to the side of the membrane, then insert the seedling. Insert the edge while aligning the edge of the film with the bed surface and prevent the film surface from retracting.
2 The planting density can be determined according to the variety of tillers, spike height, and the yield to be achieved, which should constitute a reasonable dynamic population index per unit area of ​​panicles to determine the row spacing and number of plants per hole. Each japonica rice in the north has 6-7 rows, with a spacing of 20-25 cm, a hole distance of 10-12 cm, 6-8 strains per hole, about 300,000 holes per hectare, and 5.25 million to 6 million grains per panicle. 80 - 100 pellets, yield 10.5 -12 tons/hectare (calculated as 26 - 27 grams per thousand kernels).
3 Determine the rice transplanting period according to the growth period of rice varieties and the length of the local frost-free period, and match the flowering period of rice with the local high temperature period (25 -30 degrees Celsius). Then calculate forward. The early period is insufficient, and the temperature cannot reach. During the breeding period, the duration of the growth period can be artificially increased by means of film insulation and temperature increase, so that the transplanting period can be placed in the local critical period of late frost for 3 days. This artificial adjustment of the plastic film cover can solve the problem of early "small seedlings do not produce, not stiff seedlings", and later "fear of autumn seal" to meet the rice's "light" characteristics. A substantial increase in production and early maturing.
(4) Daejeon Management
1 Irrigation water is transplanted till the water is returned to the bed, and the bed is always kept in a water layer 2 cm deep. It should not be too deep, it is too deep and easy to float, and it is too shallow or the bed surface is dry and easy to get sick. Sunny water full of ditch, rainy day and a half ditch, and no drying in the field are good experience in water management.
2 Return to green dressing 120-150 kg of urea per hectare, with only replenishment of urine in the mattress, and 2 cm of water on the bed.
3 At the end of the tillering period, when the number of stems per unit area reaches the population index that should be constituted by high yield, the drainage field will be about 5 days. Dark green rice should be re-sun, yellow and green light sun, yellow sun, to be flexible.
During the heading and filling stages, 2.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen carbonate per hectare was sprayed on the water; the second was that there was no water shortage in the field, and the water on the bed remained at a depth of 3–4 cm.
5 Prevention and control of pests and diseases The prevention and control of rice blast, rice borer and other diseases.
(5) Precautions
The smoothness of the mattress is the key to the smoothness of the mattress, so that the film is tightly attached to the bed surface, so as to truly achieve the effect of increasing the temperature of the grass. Pay attention to the prevention of lodging, because the temperature of rice mulching film is obvious, the depth of 3-4 cm below the membrane is 3.5 - 5 degrees Celsius higher than the conventional rice field, so the birth process is significantly accelerated, but the potential danger is easy lodging. Can take three measures to deal with: First, the selection of dwarf lodging resistant high-yield varieties; Second, when the seedlings, when the seedlings in the 1 leaf a cardiac stage with paclobutrazol for drug control; Third, in the mature grouting, in order to prevent wind In particular, it is advisable to rely on the ditch line for the first time. The wooden pegs should be nailed in the corners, and the grass ropes should be used for maintenance.
If the individual bed ditch is too wide, a tall planter can be used to plant a row on the bed, so as to avoid wasting land.
Plastic film rice returns to fast growth, jointing, earing, flowering and other growth periods have different increase or shorten, the entire fertility process due to the increase in temperature and increased seedling mulching film on the bed and accelerate the acceleration, the need to systematically study the appropriate species Supporting, balanced fertilization, chemical control, water-saving water and other relatively comprehensive cultivation techniques.
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