Our company began research on artificial domestication and breeding of black bears at the beginning of construction in August 1986. In 1996, two bears were successfully reproduced through the combination of artificial insemination and natural mating, and the survival rate reached 100%. A breakthrough was made in research; on March 16, 2000, the successful breeding of the second generation (F2) black bear marked the company's black bear artificial breeding technology has reached a new level and entered the advanced ranks. By September 2000, 27 black bears had been artificially propagated, and 16 survived. The survival rate was 59.26%, and the total number of black bears reached 108. See Table 1.
The outstanding achievements in artificial domestication and breeding of black bears mainly depend on the following aspects:
1. Our company is located in Dali National Nature Reserve. It is adjacent to Bohai Sea, and is backed by Cangshan Mountain. It is 2,000 meters above sea level. The annual rainfall is 1124.8 millimeters. The average annual temperature is 15.4 degrees Celsius and 2232 hours of sunshine. It is a flat terrain with fertile soil and abundant rainfall. The place where the sun shines, the environment is beautiful, and the air is fresh, overcame the black bear's hibernation when the temperature is over 35°C and the anorexism only drinks water or does not eat or the temperature is lower than 5°C. Black bears like to eat fruits and vegetables, Dali has four seasons such as spring, fresh fruits and vegetables throughout the year, providing ample feed for artificial breeding of black bears. In addition, black bears need salt-free high-protein fish and shrimp as supplementary feed. The Dali Bohai Sea is a freshwater lake where fish and shrimp are produced without salt. It also provides high-quality supplementary feed for artificial breeding of black bears. At the same time, pumpkins are cultivated in large quantities in Dali, and the pumpkin powder after seeding is a favorite food for black bears. Black bears provide cheap feed and reduce feed costs.
2. In the past 14 years since our company was established, not only has a black bear feed formula been developed, but it has also targeted breeding and management of black bears in different stages of growth. It has successfully overcome the problem of artificially breeding black bears and does not feed on female bears. In the case of milk, artificial feeding is used to put the bear into the baby's incubator to keep warm and feed it with dog's milk so that the bear can grow up healthily and lively.
3, our company has black bear technology and professional prevention and treatment. For the black bear comes from nature, combined with the essence of traditional Chinese medicine, the use of Chinese herbal medicine for treatment, so that return to nature. Through more than ten years of exploration, a set of feasible formulas for the prevention and treatment of wild animals using ethnic Chinese herbal medicine formulations and promotion of breeding has been sorted out. Every year from April to May, excellent female bears and excellent female virgin females are mated according to scientific time and frequency. One week before mating, male bears and stimulants are fed with specially formulated feeds and aphrodisiac herbs. The male bear's sexual assault ability improves the survival rate of male bears. The feed formulated with the specific formula and Ziyin Bushen Chinese Herbal Medicine was fed on the mother bear to speed up the female's oviposition rate and increase the success rate of mating. The pregnant female bears were fed with high-protein diet plus iron, zinc and calcium, and the pregnant female bears were given monthly increases in iron, zinc and calcium doses. Using the above methods, black bears not only survive, but also grow and develop better than wild black bears. The estrus period can be one year ahead of schedule. To lay the foundation for domestic domestic development of domestic black bears, and to give full play to the resource advantages of Yunnan's "Plant Kingdom", "Animal Kingdom" and "Drug Kingdom" to promote the protection of wildlife resources and promote the development of the pharmaceutical industry.
Third, to overcome the black bear artificial living non-drainage bile technology, laid the foundation for the rational development and utilization of black bear bile resources.
Traditional artificial drainage using bile bile is a tube drainage method. Tube drainage is to install silicone drainage tube on the gallbladder during gallbladder fistula operation. When the gallbladder is opened, the one-way valve is opened and the bile flows out automatically. This kind of drainage method, whether the drainage tube is made of silicone tube or stainless steel, is a foreign body to the body. Long-term foreign body stimulation, the body produces a rejection reaction, local inflammation affects bile quality and yield, the quality of bear bile powder does not meet the standard, shortening the bear's useful life, limiting the normal activities of the bear, making the black bear unable to reproduce and producing offspring, leading to artificial The contradiction between breeding black bears, increasing the population of black bears, and developing bear bile resources cannot fully utilize existing black bear resources. Ms. Zheng Kunfang, the chairman of the company, has been working on artificial non-tuberculous draining of bear bile technology since 1986. After hundreds of efforts and failures, in 1996 he overcame the technical problem of live non-drainage bear bile. The ductless drainage eliminates the silicone drainage tube and completely utilizes the bear's own tissue to create the bile duct. When the gallbladder is used, the sterile bile duct or stainless steel probe tube is inserted into the bile hole and the bile flows out automatically. The success rate of surgery is 100%, and the bear can move freely after the operation. The activity is not limited. The adoption of live no-drainage technology overcomes the drawbacks of tube-drainage, ensuring the normal growth, development and reproduction of black bears. At the same time, the body of bears does not contain any foreign substances and there is no increase in inflammation and inflammatory secretions. The quality and yield of bile, and greatly extend the useful life of the bear.
Our company applies non-drainage technology to produce bear bile powder. Each bear bears 2kg of bear bile powder per year. Wexi mother black bear can reach 2.5Kg, and the service life of the bear can be extended to more than 10 years. The content of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in bear bile powder reached 47%, more than double the standard of 23%.
The black bears that our company breeds are all draining bears that are put into production. Due to the use of advanced ductless drainage technology, the black bears can be easily and quickly picked, without pain, without affecting their health, and they can continue to breed and protect themselves. The existing black bear resources have expanded the population of black bears, laid a solid foundation for the rational development and utilization of bear bile, and have made remarkable achievements.
Fourth, the development of Rui He brand bear bile products, the rational development and utilization of black bear resources.
From "bear-bearing" to "living bears without tube" is an obvious scientific and technological progress. Bring bear bile, a precious Chinese medicine resource, to unprecedented technological development. This ended the history of “bearing bears and killing bears†for thousands of years, making the bear bile factory production a reality. The annual production of bear bile powder is equivalent to hunting 130 to 150 bear bile output, and 100 bears can be used to kill 1.3 to 15,000 bears, effectively protecting wild animal resources and satisfying clinical requirements. The dual purpose of medical needs has truly enabled the sustainable use of black bear resources. The company uses the self-produced high-quality bear bile powder as the main raw material, and the bear bile series products refined by special techniques have remarkable curative effect on the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, detoxification, sputum preservation, gallbladder and gallbladder removal, and scattered wind retraction.
The company has developed "Rui He" bear bile series products. In 1994, the formulation of "true bear bile pills" was developed. In 1996, "Tenxiong Bile Pills" was included in the "Monthly List of Public Medical Drugs in Yunnan Province". In 2000, it was listed as a designated drug for Zhongnanhai Health Care. In 1999, the State Drug Administration approved Ruihe brand "bear gall powder" as a new class of drugs in the country. At present, the company has developed Ruihe brand "bear bile powder", "real bear bile pills" (trade name "Baijikang"), "bongdan pill (capsule)", "bear bile to save the heart of Dan", "bear bile Wine" and other products. According to statistics from the Department of Health and Epidemic Prevention, there are 36 million patients with hepatobiliary disease in China, accounting for 3% of the total population in the country. Moreover, patients with hepatobiliary diseases caused by the improvement of living standards will also show an upward trend, and the product market has a very broad prospect.
V. Problems faced by artificial breeding black bears and countermeasures
1. Lack of comprehensive understanding of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
The resolution of the Eighth Member State Conference of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora was resolved: "All member states should be encouraged to carry out the artificial breeding of indigenous species listed in Appendix I for commercial purposes when appropriate." Notes 5 to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora: "A successful artificial breeding ground or artificial cultivation base can reduce the number of animals or plants collected from the wild, whether legal or illegal, and therefore, it is relevant to the species concerned. Protection made a contribution." The International CITES organization encourages artificial breeding, and the Convention clearly specifies artificial breeding base registration certificates in the section “Artificial Propagation and Artificial Cultivation†that can replace export licenses and import licenses. And our company not only breeds the F1 black bear, but also breeds a generation of black bears that also breed the second generation (F2) black bear, which meets the conditions for the CITES registered artificial breeding base. Therefore, the problem our company faces is how With the help of government departments, they communicated with relevant international organizations and obtained artificial breeding base registration certificates to replace export licenses and import licenses. They exported our bear bile series products to foreign countries and entered the international market.
2. All walks of life lack a thorough understanding of live non-drainage bear bile technology.
In fact, after more than 10 years of exploration, the invented live non-drainage bear bile technology is a very mature technology. It fully meets the conditions for applying for patents on technological advancement, but only because of the “PRC Patent Lawâ€. No patent is granted for a technology that extracts from humans or animals in vivo. Using this technology, our company can safely, healthily and quickly drain bear bile within 10-15 seconds. Because of this technique, we use the principles of conditioned reflex and metabolism, so that when the bear bile is drained, the bear is not painful, and the appropriate amount of draining bile can promote the metabolism of bear bile, just like the compulsory human blood donation, which is self-interested and altruistic. the behavior of. The black bears we use for live non-drainage are not only healthy, but we can also breed offspring to achieve synchronized reproductive and drainage progress. We hope that governments at all levels, relevant experts, news media, and international trade convention organizations for endangered species of wild animals and plants will learn more about it. Or help the development of black bear breeding.
3. Accelerate the promotion and application of hi-tech in black bear breeding.
In 1996, the company succeeded in reproducing two bears by combining artificial insemination and natural mating. In 2000, the second generation of the bear was born, and 27 black bears have been produced so far, successfully solving the problem of artificially breeding black bears. Protecting the resources of wild black bears and laying a foundation for the development and utilization of medicinal value of bear bile. Invented the live no-pipe drainage technology in 1996 and took the lead in popularizing and applying the company's over 100 adult bears, making the safe, healthy, and quick access to bile a reality. The content of bile bear deoxycholic acid (UDCA) collected by the company reached 47%. More than twice as many as 23% of the ministerial standards provide pharmaceuticals with superior quality raw materials. Through practical application in the past five years, this technology has been very mature and fully capable of being promoted to the national counterparts. At the same time, we also continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction, increase research efforts in feed formulation, feeding and management, and disease prevention and control, and contacted a number of famous domestic animal experts to conduct research on artificial insemination of bear animals. And has begun to use induced estrus, superovulation and circulatory estrus and other new technologies, increase the black bear birth rate and improve the survival rate of bears, to accelerate the conservation of black bear resources and development and utilization of contributions.
Science and technology are the primary productive forces. The application of the innovative technology of “living and bile-free bear bile†has not only ended the history of “bearing bears and killing bearsâ€, but also made the bear bile factory production a reality; it also protected wild animals to the maximum extent. Black bear resources meet human health needs and are in line with strategies for sustainable use and development. During the more than ten years of development of our company, we have learned profoundly that only ethnic things are the world, and only the development of high and new technologies can effectively protect wildlife and carry forward the national medicine business.
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