In recent years, the demonstration and promotion of rice transplanters have shown that they offer significant advantages such as high-quality planting, increased yield, cost efficiency, labor reduction, and improved operational efficiency. As a result, these machines have gained widespread acceptance among farmers. This article will take the PF455S rice transplanter as an example to provide a detailed overview of its operation and technical adjustments.
**Preparations Before Transplanting**
1. **Field Preparation**:
The field must be levelled properly, with a height difference of no more than 3 cm between different areas. After leveling, the field should be filled with water to ensure even moisture. Additionally, the surface should be free of weeds, debris, and excess mud. It is important to avoid muddy conditions that could cause the transplanter to get stuck or operate inefficiently.
2. **Seedling Preparation**:
Seedlings should be carefully cut into small blocks measuring 58 cm by 28 cm using a sharp knife. The soil in the seedling tray must maintain the right level of moisture—so moist that it can be easily pressed with your finger. If the soil is too dry, the seedlings may become scattered and float; if it's too wet, the plants may grow too large, leading to excessive numbers per hole.
3. **Transplanter Preparation**:
Before use, check all components of the rice transplanter. Ensure that the engine has sufficient gasoline and oil, and that each gear box is properly lubricated. Apply grease to all moving parts and tighten any loose nuts or bolts to prevent mechanical issues during operation.
**Five Key Adjustments for the Transplanter**
1. **Adjusting the Gap Between the Needle and Guide Rail**:
The standard gap should be between 1.3 and 1.7 mm. If the gap is not correct, loosen the rail adjustment handle slightly and adjust the guide rails left and right until both sides are evenly aligned.
2. **Adjusting the Clearance Between the Needle and Seedling Box Side**:
The ideal clearance is 1.5 to 2.5 mm. If the clearance is off, loosen the bolts on the seedling box support and move the slide bar to adjust the position of the seedling box so that the left and right gaps are equal.
3. **Adjusting the Spacing Between Planting Points**:
The fixed spacing is typically 30 cm. However, this can be adjusted based on soil fertility, rice variety, and planting time. Usually, the distance adjustment handle is set to the middle position, keeping the spacing between 12 and 14 cm.
4. **Adjusting the Planting Depth**:
The depth of insertion can be changed by adjusting the depth-control handle—moving it upward for shallower planting and downward for deeper planting. Alternatively, the depth can also be adjusted by replacing the six jacks on the floating plate support.
5. **Adjusting the Number of Seedlings Per Hole**:
Typically, about five seedlings are planted per hole. This can be controlled by adjusting the vertical pick-up amount and lateral feeding. Each adjustment changes the seedling volume by approximately 1 mm. Moving the handle to the left increases the number of seedlings, while moving it to the right decreases it. Once the horizontal delivery position is fixed, use the handle to fine-tune the vertical pick-up for optimal results.
**Three Essentials When Operating the Machine**
The operator should plan the route for entering and exiting the field based on ease of seedling loading and machine handling. While operating, keep the following in mind:
1. **Maintain a Steady Speed**:
Avoid sudden stops or frequent changes in speed. Keep a straight path and avoid pulling or twisting the steering handle to ensure straight planting lines. Sharp turns can lead to gaps or reinsertion of seedlings.
2. **Monitor the Seedling Roller**:
Pay attention to the condition of the seedling roller inside the seedling box. If roots or dirt are found in the slot, stop the machine immediately to prevent damage to the seedlings and ensure quality planting.
3. **Move the Seedling Box After Planting**:
Once all seedlings are placed, shift the seedling box to one side to ensure proper alignment and quality of the transplanting process.
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