Why is the dry spreading fermentation bed effective in reducing piglet diarrhea? Piglet diarrhea is a common digestive disorder characterized by loose, watery stools with more than 80% water content. It significantly affects growth performance, increases feed conversion ratios, and causes high mortality rates, especially in large-scale pig farms in China. This condition not only reduces survival rates but also leads to economic losses for the pork industry.
Piglet diarrhea occurs in three stages: from birth to 3 days old, 7 to 14 days old, and after weaning. The causes are diverse and can be categorized into infectious and non-infectious types. Infectious causes include bacteria like *E. coli*, viruses such as porcine rotavirus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and parasites like coccidia. Non-infectious factors involve improper feeding, poor hygiene, stress, and imbalances in gut microbiota.
The dry spreading fermentation bed has proven effective in reducing these issues. First, it improves environmental conditions by maintaining a warm, dry, and well-ventilated space. Traditional concrete floors often lead to cold, damp environments that promote bacterial growth and increase the risk of disease. In contrast, the fermentation bed keeps the surface at around 20°C, reduces humidity, and eliminates foul odors, creating a healthier living environment for pigs.
Second, the fermentation process breaks down feces and urine in place, reducing the spread of pathogens. The high temperature within the bed destroys harmful bacteria, while beneficial microbes dominate the environment, promoting better gut health in pigs.
Third, the dry bed allows pigs more freedom of movement and lower stocking density, reducing stress and improving welfare. This lowers the likelihood of stress-induced diarrhea.
Fourth, the fermentation bed enriches the litter with microelements like iron, which are essential for pig health. This helps prevent nutritional deficiencies that can contribute to diarrhea.
Finally, the presence of beneficial bacteria in the fermentation bed supports gut microbiome balance. These microbes aid digestion, enhance immunity, and help restore intestinal health when disrupted by disease or dietary changes.
To maximize the benefits of the dry spreading fermentation bed, proper management is essential. Regular disinfection, moisture control, and ventilation are crucial. Disinfectants may temporarily affect the surface but do not harm the microbial activity deep in the bed. Routine maintenance, such as turning the litter and monitoring moisture levels, ensures the bed remains functional and hygienic.
In summary, the dry spreading fermentation bed addresses multiple causes of piglet diarrhea through improved hygiene, reduced pathogen exposure, enhanced gut health, and better environmental conditions. Its effectiveness makes it a valuable tool for sustainable and healthy pig farming.
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