Wild duck farming requires careful planning and management to ensure the health and productivity of the birds. Here's a well-structured guide that outlines the key steps involved in setting up and managing a wild duck farm.
**First, Site Construction**
1. **Land Selection**: Wild ducks should be raised in remote mountainous areas with sparse vegetation, away from residential zones. The site should be elevated, sunny, flat, and easy to protect from predators and disease outbreaks.
2. **Building Shelters**: Construct shelters using bamboo and wood, forming a "human" shaped structure. The roof should be covered with thatched grass for insulation, keeping the area cool in summer and warm in winter. The size of the shelter depends on the number of ducks—typically 8–10 ducks per kilometer of rice field. Additional sheds should be built in the forest to provide shelter from rain and store feed. The area should also include open spaces with trees, grass, trenches, and small pools for algae growth.
3. **Fencing and Netting**: Enclose the entire activity area with a fine mesh net, about 2 meters above the water level, extending all the way to the ground. This prevents wild ducks from escaping. The mesh size should be around 3 cm x 3 cm for effective containment.
**Second, Species Selection**
Mallard ducks are the most suitable for artificial breeding due to their hardiness and high egg production. These ducks grow quickly, reaching a market weight of 1.4 kg by day 80. Female ducks start laying eggs at five months old, producing nearly 200 eggs annually. Their meat and eggs are known for their freshness and lack of the strong odor commonly found in domestic ducks, making them highly popular among consumers.
**Third, Feed Preparation**
The nutritional needs of wild ducks are similar to those of regular ducks. Commercial duck feed can be used, or you can make your own using the following formulas:
- **Ducklings (0–30 days)**: 47.3% corn, 15% wheat, 10% wheat bran, 22% cottonseed cake, 4% fishmeal, 1.5% shell powder, 0.2% salt.
- **Growing Ducks (31–80 days)**: 40.8% corn, 14.5% wheat, 17.5% rice bran, 8% rice, 14% cottonseed cake, 4% fishmeal, 1% bone meal, 0.2% salt.
- **Laying Ducks**: Before laying, 35% corn, 15% rice bran, 36.8% rice, 10% cottonseed cake, 2% Wu powder, 1% bone meal, 0.2% salt. During egg production: 24% corn, 7% rice bran, 37% rice, 21% cottonseed cake, 5% fishmeal, 3% bone meal, 2.7% shell powder, 0.3% salt.
**Fourth, Feeding and Management**
- **Ducklings (1–30 days)**: Keep them in small, insulated enclosures with soft straw. Provide heat lamps and maintain proper temperatures: 27–29°C for the first three days, gradually decreasing to 17–19°C after 10 days. Feed them 7 times daily for the first 10 days, then reduce to 4–5 times. Offer green vegetables, kelp, and live food like fish and oysters. Allow access to shallow water starting at 7–15 days old.
- **Growing Ducks (31–80 days)**: Provide free-choice feed and clean water. Monitor their growth closely. At 50 days old, they begin learning to fly, so strict control is necessary to prevent escape.
- **Laying Ducks (Over 80 days)**: Feed them 2–3 times daily before laying. Let them forage in the wild during the day and return to the shed at night. Ensure they have access to clean water and create shallow nests with soft straw for egg-laying.
**Fifth, Disease Prevention**
Wild ducks are generally resistant to diseases, but close monitoring is essential. Vaccinate against duck plague at 20 days old with 1 ml per bird. For duck cholera, use 2 ml of vaccine at 30–40 days. Regularly add 0.5%–1% sulfamethazine or sulfathiazole to feed for 3–5 days, then stop for 10 days. A 0.01% potassium permanganate solution can also help prevent disease outbreaks effectively.
By following these guidelines, you can successfully raise healthy, productive wild ducks while maintaining a sustainable and efficient farming system.
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