Wild duck farming requires careful planning and proper management to ensure the health and productivity of the birds. Below is a detailed guide on how to set up and manage a wild duck farm effectively.
First, site construction is crucial. The land should be located in remote mountainous woodlands, away from residential areas, with high elevation, good sunlight exposure, and relatively flat terrain. This helps in preventing animal pests and controlling diseases. A shelter made of bamboo and wood, shaped like a "human" character, should be built with a 1.5-meter-high drip line on both sides, covered with thatched grass to provide natural cooling in summer and warmth in winter. The size of the duck house depends on the number of ducks, typically housing 8 to 10 ducks per kilometer of rice field. Sheds should also be constructed in the forest for shelter and feed storage. The area should have enough space for ducks to move around, with trees, grass, ditches, and pools for algae cultivation.
Next, fencing and netting are essential to prevent escape. The entire area should be enclosed with a fine mesh net, about 2 meters above the water surface, extending down to the ground. The mesh size should be 3cm x 3cm to prevent wild ducks from escaping. This setup ensures safety and control over the flock.
Species selection is another important factor. Mallard ducks are the most suitable for artificial breeding due to their hardiness and meat quality. They grow to about 1.4kg at 80 days old, with hens laying up to 200 eggs annually. Their meat and eggs are known for being fresh and flavorful, without the strong odor often associated with domestic ducks.
Feed preparation is vital for healthy growth. Commercial duck feed can be used, or homemade feed can be made using specific formulas. For ducklings, a mix of 47.3% corn, 15% wheat, 10% wheat bran, 22% cottonseed cake, 4% fishmeal, 1.5% shell powder, and 0.2% salt works well. As they grow, the formula changes to support their development, including more rice and less grain. During egg-laying periods, additional nutrients such as fishmeal, bone meal, and shell powder are added to improve egg production.
Feeding and management practices vary depending on the age of the ducks. Ducklings need frequent feeding, around 7 times daily during the first 10 days, gradually reducing to 4-5 times after that. Clean water must always be available, and young grasses, kelp, and live food like fish and oysters should be included. After 15 days, they can be introduced to shallow water to promote healthy growth.
For growing ducks (31-80 days), free-choice feeding with compound feed is recommended. At 50 days, they begin to develop flight ability, so strict measures must be taken to prevent escape. Farmers should avoid wearing bright clothes and limit access to the area.
Once ducks reach 80 days, feeding becomes more strategic. Before laying eggs, they should be fed twice daily, with access to natural food sources in the forest. During the laying period, extra care is needed, including providing nesting areas with soft straw and ensuring clean water is always available.
Disease prevention is key. Although wild ducks are resilient, concentrated feeding increases disease risk. Vaccines for duck plague and cholera should be administered at specific ages. Medications like sulfamethazine or potassium permanganate can be added to feed or water to prevent infections effectively.
By following these guidelines, farmers can successfully raise healthy, productive wild ducks while maintaining optimal conditions for their well-being.
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