(a) The equipment can be stored in large jars, wooden boxes, and both large and small cartons. The spawning box is made of wood, measuring 50 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 10 cm in height. The bottom of the box is fitted with barbed wire, with a mesh size of 2-3 mm, which allows small worms to escape while preventing them from getting stuck under debris. The walls of the box should be smooth and lined with glass or tin to prevent insects from escaping.
(b) For preparing larval feed, mix the following ingredients: 40% cornmeal, 20% wheat flour, 20% barley flour, 10% peanut cake powder, 10% wheat bran, 1% vitamin B, 0.05% vitamin C, and 0.03% sodium benzoate. Cover the mixture with a layer of leaves to maintain an optimal temperature for growth. This feed provides a balanced diet that supports healthy development.
(c) Once adults emerge, they are transferred into breeding cages for rearing. Before placing the adults, a board is placed at the bottom of the box, followed by a piece of paper on top—adults lay eggs on this paper. A thin layer of mixed feed, about 1 cm thick, is then spread over the paper. The box is covered according to the required temperature and humidity levels, often using layered leaves. Adults are fed 1-2 times per day to ensure adequate nutrition.
Since the egg-laying period is short, eggs should be screened every 5-7 days. The egg-laying paper is then moved to an incubator for hatching. The egg hatching box has similar dimensions to the adult box but features a wooden base. An incubator can hold multiple egg boxes, stacked in layers, with wooden strips between each layer to allow proper air circulation. During dry periods, a layer of leaves is added on top of the eggs. Eggs typically hatch within 5 days, after which all larvae are removed and continue feeding in the same incubator. When the larvae reach 1-2 years old, they no longer require additional food, but they are often left to stand. As they grow, more feed is gradually introduced.
After the adults have emerged, they are covered with a piece of paper, allowing them to crawl onto it. The paper is then moved into an adult spawning box for egg-laying.
Worms are sensitive to extreme temperatures, so maintaining a stable environment is crucial. The ideal temperature range is 25–30°C. Humidity must also be carefully controlled. The moisture content in the feed should remain between 15% and 17%. If too low, growth slows down; if too high, the risk of Beauveria bassiana infection increases. In such cases, formalin steam sterilization can be used to eliminate infected individuals and prevent the spread of disease.
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