Management of Artificial Breeding Management of Parasites

(a) The equipment can be stored in large jars, wooden boxes, and both large and small cartons. The spawning box is made of wood, measuring 50 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 10 cm in height. The base of the box is fitted with barbed wire, with a mesh size of 2–3 mm. This design allows small worms to escape, while preventing them from getting trapped under debris. The walls of the box should be smooth and lined with glass or tin to prevent insects from climbing out. (b) For preparing larval feed, mix the following ingredients: 40% cornmeal, 20% wheat flour, 20% barley flour, 10% peanut cake powder, 10% wheat bran, 1% vitamin B, 0.05% vitamin C, and 0.03% sodium benzoate. After mixing, cover the feed with a layer of leaves to help maintain optimal temperature and humidity levels. (c) Once adults emerge, they are transferred into breeding cages for further rearing. Before placing the adults in the box, place a board at the bottom and lay a piece of paper on top—adults will lay eggs on the paper. Then, spread a thin layer of mixed feed (about 1 cm thick) inside the box and cover it according to the current temperature and humidity. A layer of leaves can also be placed on top to regulate conditions. Feed the adults 1–2 times daily. Since the egg stage is relatively short, it’s recommended to screen the eggs every 5–7 days. The egg-laying paper is then moved to an incubator for hatching. The egg hatching box has similar dimensions to the adult box, but the base is made of wood. An incubator can hold 2–3 spawning boxes at once, stacked in layers. To ensure proper air circulation, separate each layer with small wooden strips. During dry periods, a layer of leaves is added over the eggs. The eggs typically hatch within 5 days, after which all the eggs are removed and left in the incubator to continue feeding. As the larvae grow older, especially when they reach 1–2 years of age, they don’t require additional food, but they are often kept in a standing position. As they develop, feed is gradually introduced. After the adults have emerged, a piece of paper is placed over them, allowing the adults to crawl onto the paper. The paper is then moved into an adult spawning box for egg-laying. Because the worms are sensitive to extreme temperatures, maintaining a stable environment is crucial. The ideal temperature range is between 25–30°C. Humidity must also be carefully controlled. The moisture content in the feed should not drop below 15–17%, as this can slow growth. If the feed becomes too wet, the risk of Beauveria bassiana infection increases. In such cases, formalin steam sterilization can be used to eliminate the infected individuals.

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