1. Covering grass and a lot of fertilizer
In the large-scale agricultural production, on the one hand, the long-term application of chemical fertilizer soil organic matter content continues to decline, on the one hand, rice straw, wheat, rapeseed, corn after the harvest of straw in the field of random burning caused environmental pollution. The author has been promoting the covering technology for many years in cotton fields. The results show that the technology has ten significant effects on cotton production.
First, before the closure of the cotton line, the blank line was exposed for more than two months. Cotton is often vulnerable to drought. After the grass has been covered by the wide rows of cotton, the water content of the soil has increased significantly. It was determined that the cover soil had a 5-12% higher moisture content than the uncovered soil.
The second is the protection of bare cotton to meet the heavy rain, the soil available nutrients can easily be lost, cotton grass cover to prevent the waste of nutrients.
The third is to prevent compaction No matter what kind of grass cover cotton fields, after heavy rain wash, and then uncover the covered grass, you can see the soil is kept loose, with good permeability properties.
Fourth, weeds reduce the rapid growth of cotton in May-June. At the same time, weeds are the time for weeds to win symbiosis, compete for fertilizer, and compete for space. Grassed cotton fields are significantly less than uncovered weeds.
The fifth is to prevent the lodging of many cotton transplanted with nutritional seedlings. Since the main roots are cut off, the ability to support the plants on the ground is reduced, and the cotton with more peaches and bolls in the middle and later stages will be covered with cotton when the rainstorm is encountered. The rate is often 70% to 80%, while the grass covered cotton field is only about 10%.
The sixth is to adjust the soil temperature and high temperature season. The temperature of the 5 cm depth of the cover grass cotton soil is 1.3°C-3.8°C lower than that of the uncovered grass, so as to ensure that the high-temperature season cotton normally receives peach.
Seventh, the improved soil cover grass cotton field is better than the uncovered cotton soil soil aggregate structure, organic matter content increased by 0.03% -0.30%, can enhance cotton production aftereffect.
Eighth, the rate of shedding of cotton buds that reduce the shedding of budding bells was reduced by 8.2-17.4 percentage points.
Nine is the cost savings Gato cotton grassland can be rotted in the cotton line that year, compared with uncovered cotton fields, the fertilizer investment per mu can save about 30 yuan.
Tenth, the cotton with early maturing and increased yield is more concentrated than the uncovered cotton, and the boll opening is early. The average yield of lint per acre is 5%-7%.
2. The critical period of management
The output per mu of cotton lint is mostly 80-180 kg, and the high yield level is more than 100 kg. Its growth and development experience seedling stage, bud stage, flowering stage, boll opening stage and flowering stage.
Phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer. All or part of the potash fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the rest is topdressing and applied during flowering. Nitrogen fertilizer 35% -50% as the base fertilizer, bud stage, flowering period is the key period of fertilizer, the amount of nitrogen applied to each accounted for half.
Cotton is deficient in boron deficiency, excessive nitrogen fertilizer or leggy after rain. It is necessary to prevent and control fertilization by applying organic fertilizer, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and foliar or soil application.
Strengthen pest control. North China and the Yangtze River Basin should pay attention to the prevention of summer floods.
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