Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province in the winter and spring applications simple plastic greenhouses and mulching and other protective facilities, to achieve the anti-season cultivation of lettuce, the listing period than the conventional cultivation of early 30 to 40 days, mu yield of 4000 to 5000 kg, income 3500 to 4,000 yuan.
First, choose a good seed, a network of a film covering seedlings to choose the market marketable green Xiangxiu, purple skin incense, white duck egg lettuce and other fine varieties, sowing seedlings in late September, the use of film + shade net small arch cover. Each mu of field needs seed bed 15 to 20 square meters, with a seed amount of 50 grams. After the sowing, the sifting fine soil was covered and covered with wheat straw or straw to keep the soil moist. Immediately remove the cover after emergence. 2 leaf 1 heart stage weeding, thinning, seedling distance 4 ~ 5 cm, and topdressing 10% of human and animal manure. When the seedling age is 30 to 40 days and there are 4 to 6 true leaves per plant, strong seedlings are selected for planting.
Second, the rational close planting, timely shed insulation leaching lettuce should be selected in the organic matter rich, fertilizer and water retention better clay loam or sandy loam soil cultivation. Apply organic fertilizer before planting, plowing the soil 20 to 30 cm deep, smashing the big loquat blocks, making a 2-meter-wide loquat, laying a thin mulch on the surface, and using 4 to 5 kg per mu. It is usually planted from late October to early November, with a spacing of 33 cm and a spacing of 33 cm. Immediately after planting, apply 5% to 10% of manure and livestock manure to promote seedlings. When the outside temperature falls to 3~4°C, the scaffolding is put up. Coverage can reduce the number of watering after the film is covered with a plastic film and a greenhouse film. After the shed, the growth rate of the lettuce accelerated, sunny days at noon to pay attention to ventilation, prevent leggy or premature twitching. And according to the growth of spraying 40% of chlorcholine 1000 times or 15% paclobutrazol 150 mg/kg 1 or 2 times. Lethal fleshy stems are exposed to strong cold air (minus 6~8°C) and should be covered with a layer of film or shade net at night to prevent freezing damage.
Third, to strengthen fertilizer management over the winter cultivation of lettuce should be a one-time application of base fertilizer, before planting per acre applied organic fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000 kg, 45% NPK fertilizer 40 ~ 50 kg. When the leaves began to grow after planting, 20% of the manure and livestock manure per plant were 1500-2000 kg + urea 5 - 7.5 kg or ammonium bicarbonate 10 - 15 kg. In the beginning of the period of fleshy stem enlargement combined with watering, 2 kg of urea and 10 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per acre with water.
Fourth, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases After the shed, attention should be paid to ventilation and wet down and prevention of downy mildew, fleshy stems during the main prevention of gray mold and Sclerotinia. The use of 72% DuPont Ke Lu 600 times or 25% metalaxyl 500 times to control downy mildew. Botrytis cinerea and sclerotinia have a great impact on the yield and should be investigated and treated as soon as possible. The sclerotinia disease center strain must be immediately removed and sprayed with 40% Shijiale or 50% carburetion or 50% sulfacin 800 to 1000 times. Liquid, or 50% acetaminophen 1500 times + 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times; can also be used per acre 15% procymidone 250 to 300 grams, in the evening closed fumigation. Insect pests mainly include aphids and whiteflies. They can use 70% precious (Imidacloprid) water dispersible granules 2g +0.5% Insecticide Rickettsia (avermectin) EC 10ml, 10 kg of water spray control, or per acre Isoprocarb smoke agent 200 to 250 grams fumigation. Stop spraying before 10 days of listing.
Fifth, the appropriate period of harvest is generally harvested in batches in late January of the following year. Harvesting standard: The heart leaf is flush with the highest outer leaf, and the plant is flat at the top. At this time, the fleshy stem has grown and its quality is best.
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