We said watermelon "empty" is not a watermelon watermelon but watermelon plants did not sit out of watermelon, watermelon "empty" is not a species problem, the reasons for the following aspects:
First, bad weather factors. Watermelon is a thermophilic crop, its growth and development temperature is 15-35 °C, 28-30 °C is suitable temperature, below 15 °C below 40 °C will inhibit growth, birth disorders, female flowers and ovary development leads to fruit drop, and Melon, causing watermelon "empty".
1. "emptiness" caused by low temperature during flowering: Low temperature and low temperature make the plant stems grow, so that the vegetative growth can not be transferred into reproductive growth normally, resulting in pollen development can not be normally fertilized, and then affecting the activities of vector insects can not be normal pollination, resulting in falling and Pomelo "empty".
2. The "emptiness" caused by high temperature and drought: The watermelon encounters continuous high-temperature and dry weather during its growth. The humidity in the air is relatively small, and the soil moisture content is low, causing vegetative growth maldevelopment, resulting in weak plant growth and impairing male pollen development. Female flowers cannot be completely fertilized and flowering and mellow melons are empty.
3, "empty" caused by rain during the flowering period: It is raining during the flowering period, which affects the activities of pollinators and causes "emptiness". The rain falls on the stigma and the anther, causing the pollen to develop into an "empty pod" that cannot be fertilized properly.
4, strong sunburn and wind damage cause burns, mechanical damage and flowering and melon production "empty".
Second, the cultivation of technical measures caused by watermelon "empty"
1, "empty" caused by improper planting time: watermelon from the 3-7 month sowing, showing that the later the sowing date, the higher the female flower life stage. Especially in June-July, the average monthly temperature is above 25°C. There are basically no female flowers below 15 knots in the main vine. Because the female flowers have higher growth nodes, the nutrient and water supply are not balanced or insufficient, resulting in falling flowers or melons. ".
2. Improper sowing density, “empty podsâ€: The sowing density of watermelon is too large. Its nutrient growth is strong and it is at a high temperature. In the high temperature and rainy season, the degree of deterrence between plants is increased, and there is no ventilation. Melon is empty.
Third, the cultivation and management measures caused by watermelon "empty"
1. Improper seedling management results in weak seedling growth, and poor flowering of female flowers and ovary reduces the fruit setting rate, causing watermelon “emptinessâ€; the field management at the beginning of vine extension can not keep up, resulting in excessive vegetative growth and light transmission between plants. Ventilation performance, resulting in falling, fruit drop caused by watermelon "empty"; pruning pressure vine unreasonable "promote" and "control" inconsistent relationship, vegetative growth can not normally transform reproductive growth affect fruit setting, causing "empty".
2. Improper management of water and fertilizers results in imbalance of growth and physiology, inappropriate proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and organic fertilizers, inadequate supply of nutrient elements or incoordination of nutrients, resulting in plant lengthiness, reduced resistance, resulting in falling flowers and melons. ". Partial application of available nitrogen fertilizer promotes vigorous nutrient growth, inhibits the normal vegetative growth and transforms the reproductive growth process, causes ovary dysplasia, affects normal fertilization and causes flowering and melon "empty pods", watermelon blooming and top dressing before fruiting Diligence, the use of plant nutrients over-prosperous and produce falling flowers and melon "empty".
3. Spraying pesticides during the flowering period will affect the activity of pollinating insects and cause the watermelons to not pollinate normally, resulting in falling flowers and melons.
Four, watermelon "empty" preventive measures
1. Unfavorable climatic factors cause watermelon “empty†prevention and treatment.
(1) Because of the low temperature during flowering, the method of preventing and controlling watermelon "empty squatting". For plants that cannot be normally fertilized due to the low temperature during flowering, artificial pollination should be used to artificially promote sitting cucumbers in order to prevent “emptinessâ€.
(2) The method of preventing and curing watermelon “empty sluice†caused by high temperature and drought. In the process of growth, watermelon encounters high temperature and dry weather, which causes male flowers to be stunted and fails to complete the normal fertilization, resulting in the planting of fallen flowers and the melon "empty pods". The production generally uses phosphating water irrigating roots or using 0.50% hydrogen dihydrogen phosphate. Potassium water irrigating method, or using large water irrigation to change the air and soil moisture to improve the microclimate in the field, promote pollen development to improve fertilization, to prevent flowering and melon "empty"; due to high temperature and drought caused by plant no female flowers, long melons When there are still no female flowers at 3-5 meters, the three vines should be cut off, and each vine should be 1.50 meters long and then poured 0.50% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water or phosphate fertilizer water. It must be thoroughly smashed to promote new vines. The new mango on the guava, prevention and treatment of "empty".
(3) The method of prevention and cure of watermelon "empty" caused by rain during flowering period. Rainfall during the flowering period should be taken in advance according to the weather forecast. Before the afternoon of the second day, the female flowers to be opened on the second day should be put on a rainproof paper hat. The male flowers to be opened should be picked in the field before 5 o'clock in the morning of the second day. Put it in a suitable temperature room for use. When the female flowers are opened at 6-9 o'clock, artificial pollination is performed using the spare male pollen. After pollination, wear a paper hat on the female flowers to prevent the raindrops from falling on the top of the pollen, which will affect the pollination and produce flowers and melons.
(4) Severe sunburn and wind damage caused the watermelon "empty" prevention and control methods. In order to prevent the burning of young larvae, weeds and stalks weeded at the time of pruning can be used to cover young larvae. This will have some effect on preventing burns, malformations and flowering of young larvae, and turning melons into empty pods. In order to prevent wind damage, wet soils can be used. The two stem segments before and after the pressure of the young melons are prevented from falling off due to the shaking of stems and leaves.
2. Prevention and cure of watermelon “empty†caused by inappropriate cultivation techniques.
(1) Improper sowing time causes the prevention and cure method of watermelon “emptyâ€. Should be timely early seedlings early cultivation, in order to cultivate strong seedlings for the purpose of the wrong flowering bud differentiation stage of the high temperature stage, reduce the female flowering bio-nodes to promote early melon, watermelon control "empty".
(2) The method of prevention and cure of watermelon "empty" caused by improper planting density. The density of watermelon cultivation should be determined according to the variety and fertility conditions. To avoid excessive density, a large degree of deterrence between plants, poor ventilation, light transmission and produce flowers and melon "empty." The middle and late-maturing varieties of watermelon (mu) are planted with 600-800 strains, the super-large watermelon (mu) is planted with 350-400 strains, and the extremely early-fruited small fruit-type watermelon (mu) is planted with 1000-1300 strains. Increase ventilation and light transmission performance to promote melon control and prevention of "emptiness".
(3) Improper cultivation and management measures cause watermelon "empty" prevention and control methods. 1 Strengthen field management at seedling stage, promote flower bud differentiation through cultivating, fertilizing, and strengthening seedlings; inhibit vegetative growth through stalking and pressure vines at the late vine, coordinate relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, promote vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and increase fruit set rate In case of watermelon "empty". 2 Strengthen water and fertilizer management, improve the rate of sitting. In the seedling stage, the water is poured and stretched to extend the vines, and the vines are spread out to increase the nutrient area. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and organic fertilizers are required to have a reasonable proportion. A reasonable formula fertilization is applied to prevent the occurrence of madness in the prevention of nitrogen fertilizer. Oh, run the vine. General (mu) diammonium phosphate 7.50 kilograms, potassium sulfate 8 kilograms, dry sky chasing water fertilizer, water chasing grain fertilizer. After flowering, chase the fertilizer once for a given period to promote water-holding and promote fruit setting. Method: 7-12 days after flowering, the young fruit is unwoolled, and the ridge is 20 cm away from the root of the melon plant and 15 cm deep. Eyes topdressing, each (mu) to recover 10 kg of urea, potassium sulfate 10 kg, each watering 1-2 kg, the top dressing watering can not be late, prematurely easy to flower and young melons to remind Late watermelon is not well-expanded, with a small malformation or dryness.
3, spraying pesticides during the flowering period to cause the "empty" control method: flowering should try to avoid using pesticides or use less pesticides. For the flowering period, the use of pesticides, pollinating insects to reduce or kill pollinators can not normally normal pollination of the melon field plants, must be assisted artificial pollination, artificial promotion of sitting melon, to prevent "empty".
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