First, why collect rain and rain water back down underground?
Due to the rapid development of urbanization, the impervious area such as roads and buildings has expanded. On the one hand, rainwater cannot re-infiltrate underground water to supplement groundwater. In addition, serious overdraft of groundwater causes deterioration of the water environment and ecological environment around the city. On the other hand, when heavy rains occur, rapid runoff brings together water in the area and local floods in the city. The shortage of urban water, the deterioration of the water environment, the destruction of the ecological environment, and the urban storm floods have become increasingly prominent.
If urban construction, pay attention to the development of rainwater collection and utilization projects, and leave the original rainwater to be used, it will not only increase water resources, but also be a good measure to save tap water. At the same time, through extensive development of rainwater harvesting and utilization, as rainwater is retained or retrenched underground, water discharge is reduced, and the threat of urban flood disasters is mitigated. Therefore, groundwater can be recovered, the water environment can be improved, and the ecological environment can be restored. It can be said that the collection and utilization of rainwater is one of the important measures for the sustainable use of urban water resources.
Second, the method of collecting rainwater.
1. Underground storage pool for collecting rainwater from roofs, yards and grounds. The collected rainwater is mainly used for flushing toilets, car washing, greening, landscape water or fire fighting water. The structure of the storage pool is mainly reinforced concrete, and it is equipped with devices for removing initial rainwater, filtration, sedimentation tanks and the like. The volumetric size may be in the range of 1 cubic meter to 100 cubic meters. This kind of storage tank needs to collect and transport the system. Therefore, the technical requirements are high and the investment is large. It needs to be included in the construction plan or financing construction. Applicable to institutional complexes, family units of enterprises, residential areas and various types of development zones.
The Shuangziyuan Community in Haidian District has been completed. It has a full-featured underground storage tank with a capacity of 850 cubic meters and 1120 square meters of pervious ground for the removal of primary rain, filtration, sedimentation, collection and transportation systems. During the torrential rains on July 10, 2004, there was not only no water in the plots, but more than 500 cubic meters of rainwater was stored for water fountains, watering plants and car washes, etc. The effect of controlling floods and improving the environment was remarkable.
2. The above-ground rainwater storage containers (barrels and cans) are mostly used to collect rainwater on the roof. The collected rainwater is mainly used for watering gardens, watering plants, and saving tap water. The rainwater storage containers are mainly iron drums, plastic cans and other containers, and their volume is generally less than 1 cubic meter. Depending on the use of the water, it may be considered to install or not install the initial rain water remover. The rainwater storage device can be directly connected to the rain drop pipe, and the production is simple, and it is suitable for general residential buildings, bungalows or quadrangles.
The Zhichunli Middle School in Haidian District has installed eight “storage rain statues†on campus since March of this year. They are specially designed rain containers for large oil drums and large plastic tanks. The volumes were 200 liters and 350 liters respectively. The clean rainwater collected in the first few rains flooded the campus with trees and flowers.
Third, the rain back to the underground method
1, permeable floor penetration. The impervious floor tiles are replaced with permeable bricks to absorb rainwater through the pores of the permeable bricks; and through the permeable bricks, an inverted filter layer composed of gravel, gravel and sand is placed to allow the rainwater to seep into the ground.
2, seepage wells infiltration. The rainwater pipe was introduced into the seepage well and penetrated underground.
3, the use of lawn penetration, around the lawn around a high edge of about 10 cm, or reduce the lawn ground, made of concave green, undertake and oozing rainwater.
The Haidian Park Rainwater Demonstration Project built last year and green spaces in many units adopted the above-mentioned practices and achieved good results of rainwater seepage.
Fourth, how to promote rainwater collection and osmosis
Although it is very important to collect and utilize rainwater, it is necessary to obtain consensus from the society, government leadership, effective support, and active participation of the broad masses.
1. Recognize the rain and establish a new concept of rainwater utilization.
How does the current problem of urban water shortage, deterioration of the urban water environment, destruction of the urban ecological environment, frequent local storms and floods and other issues arise? How should we solve them? It is worth reflecting on.
In the past, as long as the city needed development, it could develop surface water and groundwater without restriction, build large-scale road paving, concrete buildings, and glass curtain walls. It was full of courtyards and squares full of stone and concrete floors. "Running away rainwater" is a matter of course. We have neglected the rain and neglected the important role of rain in our lives and environment.
To see the mistakes of the past, we should sum up lessons learned and renew our ideas today. In order to protect and maintain the environment in which people and water, humans and nature live in harmony, we must treat rainwater as a friend, attach importance to rainwater collection, and use rainwater to allow rainwater to play its due role.
We must respond to the call of Wang Qishan's mayor and try to retain rainwater on the premise of ensuring the safety of the flood season. Retaining rainwater can not only reduce the pressure of urban drainage, but also increase the city's valuable water resources.
At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the importance of rainwater harvesting and utilization as well as propaganda work for popular science knowledge in the society as a whole and achieve consensus in society.
2. The leadership and support of governments at all levels are the key
Because rainwater harvesting and utilization have great social benefits such as flood control, increased water sources, firefighting, etc., and are closely related to the personal interests of the people, governments at all levels should, in the process of leading and promoting rainwater harvesting and utilization, promptly issue appropriate incentives. And financial subsidy policies to encourage the enthusiasm of units and the masses to promote the smooth popularization of rainwater collection and utilization facilities.
For example, in Sumida-ku, Tokyo, Japan, a 50% subsidy is given to units and individuals that build rainwater storage devices, and the maximum subsidy limit is set according to the scale. This has promoted the construction of rainwater utilization facilities. Since the 1980s, there have been more than 1,000 buildings in Tokyo that have rainwater use facilities.
3. The active participation of the masses is the basis
Because the collection and use of rainwater is not only related to government agencies, enterprises, and social organizations, it is also closely related to the environment and life of the majority of community residents, urban residents, and peasants. The people who are the beneficiaries must also be active participants. The participation of the masses is a solid foundation for continuous development of good rainwater utilization. Societies, schools and communities should organize the participation of a large number of scientific and technological personnel, the masses and young people, and strengthen publicity and popularization of rainwater use, inspiring them to create more simple and easy. Rainwater collection methods and ideas, in conjunction with the actual depth of a wide range of good rainwater utilization work.
According to Japan's experience, cities have spontaneously organized the "Utilization of Rainwater Utilization Citizens" and rainwater use of "government" organizations. They interacted with government environmental protection agencies to participate in research and discussion on the use of rainwater and improve urban ecological and environmental issues. Urban construction suggestions. This kind of mass participation experience is available for our reference.
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