(1) Apple leaflet disease: This disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of zinc in the soil. Heavy occurs in orchards with thin sandy lands and alkaline soils. The main damage to new shoots and leaves, the late spring tree disease germination, stagnation after leaf extraction, leaves narrow and slender, leaf margins upward, leafy hard and brittle, leaf color was pale yellow-green, or uneven density, cluster formation Clustered, easy to fall early. Diseases are shortened between nodes, growth is debilitated, and late or dead. New branches can be found under the dead branches and still show the same symptoms. The flowering buds of the diseased trees are reduced, the flowers are small and pale, and it is not easy to set fruit, and the resulting fruits are small and deformed. The saplings that developed at the beginning of the year had poor root development; the roots of old diseased trees had rots, and the crowns were sparse, and the yield was very low.
(2) Yellow apple leaf disease: The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of iron in the soil. Occurred in orchards in saline or calcareous soils, especially seedlings and saplings are seriously affected. Most of the diseases started from the young leaves at the tip of the new shoot. The early leaves turned yellow and the veins were still green, and the leaves were green netted. Afterwards, the leaves gradually turned yellow, fell off in advance, and the tip of the new shoot died. The tip of the tip of the new tip of the general canopy is heavier, and the lower lobe is lighter. The onset of seedlings begins with young leaves on the tip of the shoot, and the symptoms are the same as above.
(3) Apple fruit shrinkage: The disease is a physiological disease caused by the lack of boron in the soil. The orchards in mountainous and sandy soils are heavier and the drought years are heavier. The disease mainly manifests in the fruit, and can occur from flowering to harvesting. When the disease is serious, it can cause a lot of fruit drop, the yield is reduced, and the quality is deteriorated. Some varieties show shoots, buds and leaves also show symptoms.
1 Due to different varieties and different onset stages, there are mainly three types of symptoms of fruit shrinkage in fruits:
Dry-spot type: mostly occurred in the young fruit period about half a month after flowering. Initially, near-round brown spots appeared on the shady side of young fruit. The flesh of the diseased spot was translucent with water-stained, yellow mucus on the surface, necrosis of the pulp in the later period, browning to dark brown, and dry shrinkage and depression into dry spots. The disease is small and deformed, and the flesh is hard, rough and juicy. Severely falling fruit often falls off prematurely.
Cork type: symptoms appear one after another from the time of falling to the beginning of the harvest, but more occurs in the late growth period. In the early stage, watery stains began to appear in the flesh and soon turned brown. The sponges appeared soft and fragile. Afterwards, the cork tissue began to emerge from the base of the tube, spreading along the fruit's heartline and spreading radially between the vascular bundles. The corked portion of the flesh is bitter and unbearable. In the young fruit period, the fruit was small and deformed, and it was easy to fall early; when the disease was late, the fruit shape was not obvious, but only slightly uneven. The fruit of the red variety is thicker and colored earlier, dark red and easy to fall off.
Rust-type: mostly appear in susceptible varieties, the main feature is along the fruit surface around the fruit stem produces brown, fine horizontal stripe spot, often cracking at the spot, but the flesh is not necrotic, but soft, pale and tasteless.
2 Symptoms of fruiting disease on the branches and leaves are also the following 3 types:
Blight type: At the beginning of the disease, the top leaves of the new shoots are yellowish, and the petioles and veins are pale red to reddish brown. The entire leaf is distorted, with necrotic spots appearing at the tip and leaf margin, and the phloem and stratified tissue at the tip of the shoot. Black spots of necrosis are produced inside. After expanding, they gradually die from the top of the new shoot and form dead shoots. This symptom often appears between August and September.
The arbuscular type: The shoots on the shoots of spring cannot be developed or die soon after they are unfolded. They die from the tip of the new shoot and die later. Many twigs grow under the dead shoots to form the twigs. Serious death can result in pruning.
Tufty leaf type: In the spring or late summer, the branch shoots cannot grow, and the internodes are very short. Many crunchy, small and thick leaves are produced at the festival and are clustered. In severe conditions, a large number of shoots and buds die, seriously affecting the expansion of the crown and the formation of flower buds, and even can cause major deaths.
(4) Apple Bitter Bitter Disease: The disease is caused by the physiological calcium deficiency of the tree. The pruning is too heavy, partial nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the trees are over-prosperous, and the orchards with poor fertilizer and water are seriously affected. Guoguang, green bananas, gold crowns, red stars and other species are more susceptible to disease. Symptoms begin to appear when the fruit is near mature, and the storage period continues to develop. At the early stage of the disease, the lesions were mainly lenticels, dark-colored on the red fruits, dark green on the green or yellow-green fruits, nearly round, and dark red or yellow-green halos around the lesions. The lesions were then slightly sunken and turned brown. The subcutaneous tissue of the lesion also turned brown, showing spongy necrosis and bitter taste. At the late stage of storage, the diseased tissue is susceptible to bacterial infection and rot.
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