At first, the idea of ​​precisely controlling the height of plants may not sound so exciting. However, if your lawn does not grow into a messy grass, you can always keep it low and neat without cutting. How do you feel? Or, if you can make the crop grow better and the grain yields more, what do you feel?
Joan Jolie is a plant scientist and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. At the Salk Institute for Biological Research, Jolie and her team have identified a signal pathway for a class of plant hormones called brassinolide that plays an important role in regulating plant height. The role of this steroid in directing plant growth is very important, and once it blocks its conduction path, the plant becomes extremely short.
This technology can be applied to plants of interest, such as: can make the lawn permanent low, can also develop more compact plant species for the city, or carry out many other horticultural applications. In a lesser respect, increasing the brassinosteroid signal will make the plant grow taller. In this regard, Qiao Rui believes that it is important to increase the output of rice and other major food crops one day. "I am very interested in how to increase production and make people eat better," said Jolie.
As Jorui explained, when plant cells receive steroid signals, this signal causes a series of activities that stimulate hundreds of genes that cause plants to grow. The removal of brassinolide can make plants smaller, while also having some minor effects on plant ageing and reproduction. The process of plant aging is different from that of animals. Only one leaf of a plant ages at a time. Brassinolide can promote this aging process. Because there is no brassinolide in the plant, the leaves remain green, do not yellow, nor fall off. Moreover, blocking their conduction pathways will make male plants unable to reproduce, which means that they cannot produce pollen. Joly said that they observed the same results in every plant that blocks the conduction path.
By observing changes in plant height, Jouri and her team confirmed the function of genes in the brassinosteroid pathway. She explained that there are many ways to intentionally make plants smaller, such as replacing a key gene with an ineffective gene mutant, or modifying a gene to produce an enzyme that blocks steroid activity. Joly said that in most plants, it is quite easy to do.
Moreover, this should also be easy to do in the grass. “You can probably make the grass any height you want, so you can make it grow short and short; you can also make it grow to medium height; if you add a different gene, you can also make it It grows taller," she said.
This kind of dwarf will consume less water and fertilizer, keep it green for a long time, and never need to cut short. Qiao Rui said that as with all the problems of genetically modified organisms, there is always a concern that these transgenes will leak into the environment. This problem is called "genetic dispersion." Since this dwarf grass does not produce pollen, it should be able to prevent the gene from spreading. Even so, companies interested in starting production will have to go through a complicated approval process.
For Jorie, she is very satisfied with this new understanding because her research helps explain the basic secrets of plant growth. "How did the plants grow? - This is a very simple question," said Joly. "I'm very excited because we made a contribution to the least-known areas of plant science."
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