After entering November, the leaves will gradually fall off, and most of the fruit trees will be in dormancy. At the same time, various pathogenic bacteria in the fruit trees will also stop spreading, and various pests will gradually stop their activities and enter the latent wintering period. At this time, the prevention of pests and diseases will play a significant role in avoiding and alleviating the harmful effects of pests and diseases on fruit trees in the second year. Practice has proved that winter is the best time to eradicate and prevent diseases and pests of fruit trees, and it can receive a multiplier effect. The specific methods are as follows:
First, remove the fallen leaves, cut off the pests and branches. Many of the pathogens and pests that harm fruit trees are mostly overwintering in dead leaves and grass, and they are then planted again the following year. For example, apple winter spot, gray spot disease, pear black spot disease, and other pathogenic wintering sites are in the branches and leaves and weeds. The diseases of apple anthracnose, grape white rot and peach brown rot are mostly overwintering on the residual fruits. The larvae of Pythium moth and apple leaf roller are overwhelming on the shoots. Therefore, the fruit trees and nearby dry branches must be preserved. Garbage such as fallen leaves is cleared away, lumped together or burned, and combined with winter pruning, these overwintering pests are effectively eliminated, and the cut pests and branches are burned outside the orchard to eliminate pests and diseases from the source.
Second, scrape bark and white. After defoliation, apple, pear rot, ringworm, pear borer, apple leafworm, and red spider larvae and adults of the hawthorn, mostly wintered in the rough skin and cracks of the trunk. Scratches off rough skin, cracked skin, and diseased skin and can receive good results in controlling pests and diseases. The best scraping time is in the late autumn and early winter. The depth of the scraping is to clean the rough skin and the diseased skin, exposing the light brown skin. It is then suitable to apply lime flow mixture on the trunk. When the skin is scraped, the plastic cloth is used under the tree. Collect scraped bark to bring out the orchard and burn it.
Note when scraping:
First of all, the tools should be disinfected. Every time the bark with lesions is scraped, the tools must be disinfected with alcohol before use, so as to avoid artificial spread of germs. Secondly, the scrapings should be done properly, and the trees should be shaved and white trees should be used. After scraping the skin, the trunk is painted white, on the one hand it can kill the pests that overwinter in the bark seam, and on the other hand it can prevent the plants from freezing damage. The formula for whitening agent is: 10 parts of lime, 5 parts of lime sulfur, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of clay and 30 parts of water, plus a small amount of insecticide. Apply the whole trunk and the lower part of the main branch, and try to make it uniform. It is better to apply the white twice, once in the late autumn to early winter, and once in the early winter to the early spring of the second year. When the trunk is painted, it does not flow, and it does not fall off after drying. In this way, it is conducive to the prevention and treatment of sunburn and concurrent treatment of trunk diseases and pests. Whitening should be done on a sunny day, and whitening in rain and snow will reduce the effect.
Third, deep plowing and winter irrigation. The tree plate refers to the soil that is centered on the trunk and under the canopy. Through deep plowing of the orchard soil in autumn and winter, the bacteria and pests hiding in the soil for winter can be turned out of the ground to allow the birds to feed and freeze. At the same time, the dead fruits on the ground and the pests hiding in the weeds can be buried underground. In the following year, these pests are not easily unearthed and are suffocated. The depth of ploughing is about 30 cm. Orchard watering in winter can drastically reduce soil temperature and oxygen content, which is very beneficial for killing the eggs of the roots and reducing the degree of feathering of the earthworms.
First, remove the fallen leaves, cut off the pests and branches. Many of the pathogens and pests that harm fruit trees are mostly overwintering in dead leaves and grass, and they are then planted again the following year. For example, apple winter spot, gray spot disease, pear black spot disease, and other pathogenic wintering sites are in the branches and leaves and weeds. The diseases of apple anthracnose, grape white rot and peach brown rot are mostly overwintering on the residual fruits. The larvae of Pythium moth and apple leaf roller are overwhelming on the shoots. Therefore, the fruit trees and nearby dry branches must be preserved. Garbage such as fallen leaves is cleared away, lumped together or burned, and combined with winter pruning, these overwintering pests are effectively eliminated, and the cut pests and branches are burned outside the orchard to eliminate pests and diseases from the source.
Second, scrape bark and white. After defoliation, apple, pear rot, ringworm, pear borer, apple leafworm, and red spider larvae and adults of the hawthorn, mostly wintered in the rough skin and cracks of the trunk. Scratches off rough skin, cracked skin, and diseased skin and can receive good results in controlling pests and diseases. The best scraping time is in the late autumn and early winter. The depth of the scraping is to clean the rough skin and the diseased skin, exposing the light brown skin. It is then suitable to apply lime flow mixture on the trunk. When the skin is scraped, the plastic cloth is used under the tree. Collect scraped bark to bring out the orchard and burn it.
Note when scraping:
First of all, the tools should be disinfected. Every time the bark with lesions is scraped, the tools must be disinfected with alcohol before use, so as to avoid artificial spread of germs. Secondly, the scrapings should be done properly, and the trees should be shaved and white trees should be used. After scraping the skin, the trunk is painted white, on the one hand it can kill the pests that overwinter in the bark seam, and on the other hand it can prevent the plants from freezing damage. The formula for whitening agent is: 10 parts of lime, 5 parts of lime sulfur, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of clay and 30 parts of water, plus a small amount of insecticide. Apply the whole trunk and the lower part of the main branch, and try to make it uniform. It is better to apply the white twice, once in the late autumn to early winter, and once in the early winter to the early spring of the second year. When the trunk is painted, it does not flow, and it does not fall off after drying. In this way, it is conducive to the prevention and treatment of sunburn and concurrent treatment of trunk diseases and pests. Whitening should be done on a sunny day, and whitening in rain and snow will reduce the effect.
Third, deep plowing and winter irrigation. The tree plate refers to the soil that is centered on the trunk and under the canopy. Through deep plowing of the orchard soil in autumn and winter, the bacteria and pests hiding in the soil for winter can be turned out of the ground to allow the birds to feed and freeze. At the same time, the dead fruits on the ground and the pests hiding in the weeds can be buried underground. In the following year, these pests are not easily unearthed and are suffocated. The depth of ploughing is about 30 cm. Orchard watering in winter can drastically reduce soil temperature and oxygen content, which is very beneficial for killing the eggs of the roots and reducing the degree of feathering of the earthworms.
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