Agrochemical production of wheat straw – 13176119278
After the wheat harvest, a significant amount of straw is left behind each year. This straw can be transformed into valuable animal feed through a process called ammoniation. There are several common methods used for this purpose, including the stacking method, cellar (or pool) method, ammoximation method, and the ammoniating bag method. Among these, two widely practiced techniques in local areas are the ammoniation pool method and the plastic bag ammoniation method.
The first method, known as the **ammoniation pool method**, involves constructing a suitable pit or pool for processing the straw. The location should be sunny, sheltered from the wind, on higher ground, with hard soil and low groundwater levels. It should also be easy to access and manage. The shape of the pool can be rectangular or circular, and its size depends on the quantity of straw to be treated. Typically, about 100 kilograms of chopped, air-dried straw can fit into one cubic meter of the pool. For example, a 200 kg cow requires approximately 1.5–2.0 tons of straw per year. Once the pool is dug, it should be lined with bricks or stones at the bottom, and the walls should be built and then cemented for durability.
Next, the straw must be cut into small pieces, around 1.5–2.0 cm in length. A urea solution is then prepared by mixing 3–5% urea with warm water. The amount of water needed depends on the moisture level of the straw. If the straw has a moisture content of 12%, about 30 kg of water is added per 100 kg of straw. The urea solution is evenly distributed over the straw, either by sprinkling and stirring or by layering the straw and spraying the solution. After filling the pool, the top is covered with a plastic sheet and then sealed with soil to maintain the right conditions for ammoniation.
The second method, **plastic bag ammoniation**, uses large, durable plastic bags—usually 2.5 meters long and 1.5 meters wide. These bags should be made of non-toxic polyethylene and have a thickness of more than 0.12 mm. Double-layer bags are preferred for better sealing. The chopped straw is sprayed with a urea solution (4–5% concentration based on the dry weight of the straw, dissolved in clean water equivalent to 40–50% of the straw’s weight), then placed into the bags, which are then tightly sealed. The bags should be stored in a dry, sunny area. During storage, regular checks are necessary—if an ammonia smell is detected at the opening, the bag should be re-sealed. If any damage is found, it should be repaired with tape immediately.
Once the straw has been ammoniated for a certain period, it becomes suitable for feeding livestock. The time required for ammoniation varies depending on the temperature: at 20–30°C, it usually takes 7–14 days, while at temperatures above 30°C, it may only take 5–7 days. Before being fed to animals, the ammoniated straw should be inspected. High-quality ammoniated straw is typically apricot-yellow in color, has a strong ammonia odor, and feels soft to the touch. If the straw appears moldy or has a foul smell, it should not be used for feeding. Proper handling and monitoring ensure that the straw remains safe and nutritious for livestock.
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