Due to recent prolonged periods of overcast and rainy weather, the ground temperature has dropped, soil moisture has increased significantly, and cotton seedlings are suffering from multiple diseases at an early stage. This has led to mixed symptoms in the same plant, resulting in poor or weak shoots after sowing, and in some cases, sick or dead seedlings. As a result, many cotton fields have gaps in their rows, which is not favorable for the healthy development of young cotton plants. Therefore, it's essential to increase field management efforts following the rain.
Before the cotton seedlings emerge, heavy rainfall can cause soil compaction, which hinders seedling emergence. After the rain, it's important to monitor the field closely and loosen compacted soil by either scraping or raking. If there are weak or dead seedlings, they should be replanted immediately, and healthy seedlings can be transplanted to fill the gaps.
Once the seedlings have emerged, another round of rain may expose them to unfavorable conditions. After the rain, the soil should be tilled promptly to raise the ground temperature, reduce moisture levels, and encourage root growth. At the same time, it's crucial to apply fungicides. A systemic bactericide such as hymexazol, thiophanate-methyl, or carbendazim diluted 800–1500 times can be used, along with foliar fertilizers like Tianda 2116 or Tianfengsu to help the plants resist cold stress.
In areas where waterlogging occurs, timely drainage is necessary after rain. Once the excess water is removed, the soil should be sprayed with a fungicide and a foliar fertilizer to prevent disease spread and support plant recovery.
For fields with severe disease outbreaks, it's advisable to uncover and loosen the soil using open-groove rakes and inter-row cultivation techniques. Then, apply a root irrigation solution containing compounds such as hydantoin, fungus, ethyl allicin, or carbendazim, diluted at a ratio of 1000–1500 times. Apply 50–100 ml per plant, repeating this process 2–3 times every 7 days.
In cases where the field lacks sufficient seedlings and the ridges are uneven, it's recommended to plant two seedlings per hill and avoid planting three in one spot. It’s also advised to consider replanting with summer cotton varieties such as Lumianyan 19, which are more resilient and suitable for late planting.
By taking these steps, farmers can improve the survival rate of cotton seedlings, reduce disease pressure, and ensure better growth conditions for the upcoming season.
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