Wheat straw agrochemical production: 13176119278
Every year, after the wheat harvest, a large amount of straw is left behind. Instead of being discarded, this straw can be processed and used as animal feed through a process called ammoniation. Ammoniated straw improves digestibility and nutritional value, making it an effective feed for cattle and sheep. There are several common methods used to ammoniate straw, including the stacking method, cellar (or pool) method, ammoximation method, and the ammoniating bag method. Locally, two main techniques are widely practiced:
1. **Ammoniation Pool Method**
This method involves building a designated pool or pit where straw is treated with urea. The first step is selecting an appropriate location—preferably sunny, sheltered, elevated, and with hard soil and low groundwater levels. The pool can be rectangular or circular, and its size depends on the quantity of straw to be treated. A typical recommendation is to place about 100 kg of chopped, air-dried straw per cubic meter of pool space. For example, a cow weighing 200 kg requires approximately 1.5 to 2.0 tons of straw annually. Once the pool is dug, it should be lined with bricks or stones at the bottom, and walls should be built and cemented for durability.
Next, the straw is cut into small pieces, ideally 1.5 to 2 cm in length. A urea solution is then prepared using warm water. The concentration of urea is usually around 3–5%, and the amount of water added depends on the moisture level of the straw. If the straw has a moisture content of 12%, you would add about 30 kg of water per 100 kg of straw. This solution is evenly distributed over the straw, either by sprinkling while mixing or by layering the straw with the solution. Once filled, the pool is covered with a plastic sheet and sealed with soil around the edges to maintain moisture and prevent leakage.
2. **Plastic Bag Ammoniation Method**
This method uses large, durable plastic bags, typically measuring 2.5 meters in length and 1.5 meters in width. The bags must be made from non-toxic polyethylene and have a thickness of more than 0.12 mm. Double-layer bags are preferred for better sealing. The chopped straw is evenly sprayed with a urea solution—approximately 4–5% urea by dry weight, dissolved in clean water equivalent to 40–50% of the straw’s mass. The straw is then placed into the bag, sealed tightly, and stored in a dry, sunny area. It's important to regularly check the bags during storage. If an ammonia smell is detected at the opening, the bag should be resealed. If any damage is found, it should be repaired with tape immediately.
After a certain period, the ammoniated straw becomes ready for use. The time required varies depending on the temperature. At 20–30°C, the process takes 7–14 days, while higher temperatures above 30°C can reduce the time to 5–7 days. Before feeding, the quality of the ammoniated straw should be checked. It should appear light yellow, have a distinct ammonia odor, and not show signs of mold. If the straw is heavily moldy, it should not be used for feeding livestock.
This process not only helps in utilizing agricultural waste efficiently but also enhances the value of straw as a sustainable feed source for animals. By following these steps, farmers can improve their feed resources while reducing environmental impact.
Roundness Tester
Roundness tester is a length measuring tool for measuring roundness using the rotary axis method. The roundness meter is a measuring tool for measuring the roundness error of the workpiece using the rotary axis method. Roundness tester is divided into two types: sensor rotary type and workbench rotary type. During measurement, the measured part is installed concentrically with the precision shaft system, and the precision shaft is attached with an inductive length sensor or a workbench for precise circular motion. It is composed of sensor, amplifier, filter and output device of the instrument. If the instrument is equipped with a computer, the computer is also included in the system.Roundness Tester
The principle of the roundness meter is the same as that of the coordinate measuring machine. In fact, its working principle is very simple. The coordinate measuring machine is a point acquisition tool. Its principle is to collect points first, and then form a line from points, and then form a three-dimensional model from lines. CMM is a kind of measuring equipment that has a guiding mechanism, a length measuring element, a digital display device in three mutually perpendicular directions, and a worktable that can place the workpiece (not necessarily large or huge). The measuring head can be moved to the measured point easily by manual or motorized means, and the coordinate value of the measured point is displayed by the reading device and the digital display device. Obviously, this is the simplest and most primitive measuring machine. With this measuring machine, the coordinate value of any point in the measured volume can be displayed through the reading device and digital display device.
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