**I. Field Management Measures for June to August:**
During the months of June through August, grapevines are either approaching or reaching maturity. This period is critical, especially during the rainy season, when proper drainage becomes essential. Ensuring that the groundwater level remains below 70 cm is crucial to prevent root-related issues. Poor drainage can lead to fruit cracking, premature leaf aging, increased disease risk, delayed ripening, and a decline in overall fruit quality.
At the early stage of color development, it's important to remove 1–5 lower branches and any unwanted shoots. This helps reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption, improves air circulation, and maintains an optimal light transmission rate of 30–35%. These practices help minimize disease occurrence and promote better coloring and earlier maturation of the grapes.
During the coloring phase, grapes require more phosphorus and potassium, particularly potassium. If leaves begin to show red edges or the fruit lacks color and sweetness, foliar sprays can be applied. It's recommended to spray a 300-fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate two to three times, along with a 1000-fold solution of Yi Nong for additional support.
Disease prevention is also key during this time. Common diseases include anthracnose, gray mold, brown spot, and downy mildew. Fungicides such as Fuxing (7500 times dilution), "High World" (1300 times), and metalaxyl-manganese zinc (800 times) can be alternated for effective control. Insect pests like grape leaf beetles and caterpillars should be managed using insecticides like 1500-times diluted chlorpyrifos or 800-times diluted dichlorvos, applied once or twice as needed.
It's important to stop applying any pesticides at least 20 days before harvest to ensure safe and high-quality produce.
Harvesting should strictly follow established standards. Grapes must have a sugar content above 15 degrees, be fully black in color, and appear healthy and smooth. Any unripe, green, or discolored fruits should be removed to avoid mixing different grades.
**II. Field Management Measures for August to December:**
After August, the harvesting season ends, and the vine enters a recovery phase. Shoots begin to harden, and nutrients from the leaves gradually move back into the roots and branches. During this time, several key tasks should be carried out:
First, continue controlling pests and diseases. Leaf diseases such as brown spot, round spot, and downy mildew are common. Treatments include 50% Tuzet (500–600 times), 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc (500mg/100ml), and a 1:0.5:180 Bordeaux mixture. Alternate these treatments 1–2 times. For insect pests like grape leaf beetles, yellow-shouldered melon, passer-wing moth, and celestial power caterpillars, use insecticides such as 1000-times diluted phoxim or 800–1000 times diluted chlorpyrifos, sprayed 1–2 times.
Foliar fertilization should also be done during this time. Combine it with disease and pest management by spraying a 250-fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with a 200-fold urea solution, or use Fervent Green 2 fertilizer. Apply this twice for best results.
In mid-August, deep tilling of the orchard up to 15–25 cm is recommended, followed by sowing green manure crops like rapeseed, peas, and broad beans to enrich the soil.
Tree management should focus on removing excess autumn shoots to conserve nutrients. Finally, apply autumn fertilizer (basal fertilizer) in mid-November based on soil moisture and vineyard fertility. Dig a fertilization pit measuring 35–45 cm deep, 40–50 cm wide, and 80–100 cm long. Apply 2.5–3.5 tons of high-quality farmyard manure per mu, along with 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate and 3 kg of zinc fertilizer. Alternatively, 3–4 tons of green manure can be used with similar amounts of phosphate and zinc fertilizer, mixed thoroughly with topsoil.
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