**Sources of Winter Wheat Freeze Injury and Prevention Measures**
*Category: Agricultural Techniques*
*Published: November 4, 2008, 17:29:35*
*Read: 45 times*
Freeze injury is one of the most common disasters affecting winter wheat in northern regions, especially during cold and dry years when damage tends to be more severe. Based on local farming experience, besides selecting cold-resistant varieties, there are several effective agricultural practices that can help protect winter wheat from freezing during the winter season.
One important measure is appropriate top-dressing. For fields that were under-fertilized before planting, applying fertilizer before winter can enhance the growth of tillers, increase their sugar content, and improve the plant's ability to withstand low temperatures. A balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be used. Phosphorus, in particular, plays a key role in strengthening root development, regulating nutrient and water uptake, and enhancing cold resistance. Therefore, it’s crucial to apply sufficient phosphate fertilizer. However, excessive nitrogen application should be avoided, as it may lead to weak, leggy growth and reduce the plant’s cold tolerance.
Another effective method is covering the wheat field with soil or straw manure. This helps to thicken the soil layer around the tillers, stabilize the temperature, reduce temperature fluctuations, and protect the plants from extreme cold. Additionally, organic manure can absorb more sunlight, helping the wheat recover its green color more quickly in spring. The best time to cover is when the wheat stops growing, with a layer about 3 cm thick. In spring, the soil should be removed to encourage regrowth. It’s recommended to apply manure within 10 days after growth has ceased, using well-decomposed materials like sheep or horse dung. Studies show that covered fields are about 2°C warmer than uncovered ones.
Plowing and tilling (known as "plowing suppression") is also an essential practice. It helps prevent drought and reduces the risk of freezing damage. It’s especially important to combine plowing with winter irrigation, particularly in clay soils. This technique can warm up late summer wheat fields, wet areas, and mid-season tillage fields. In hilly dryland areas, timely plowing and crushing old crop residues help the wheat roots make better contact with the soil, fill cracks, and improve soil compaction. However, this should not be done in salt-affected, sandy, or waterlogged soils, as it could worsen salinity, erosion, or soil hardening.
Another traditional practice is pouring human urine into the wheat rows during winter, from the beginning of winter until the vernal equinox. This not only helps prevent frost damage but also provides a natural source of nitrogen. It’s generally advised to use 500–800 kg per acre. However, this method should not be used in saline soils, as it may increase salinity. Also, avoid applying urine when there is snow or frost, as it can lower the temperature and cause further damage to the young plants.
By combining these techniques, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of winter wheat freeze injury and ensure healthier crops in the following growing season.
Lower limb Locking Plate
Lower Limb Locking plate is a kind of implant fracture orthopedics with locking thread holes.
The lower limb locking plate allows the bone to bind to the plate more firmly, so that the reduced limb is more stable. Locking plates were first used in spine and maxillofacial surgery 20 years ago to stabilize fractures while reducing extensive dissection and damage to soft tissues. When the threaded hole in the locking plate is screwed in by a screw with a threaded head, the plate becomes an Angle fixing device. It can have both locking and non-locking holes for different screws to be screwed in. Any plate that can be screwed into an Angle fixed (stable) screw or bolt is essentially a locking plate.
Locking plate system does not rely on bone friction to achieve connection, but completely depends on the interlocking structure of the plate itself. A certain gap between the plate and the bone surface can be left, which can eliminate the adverse effect of heavy pressure contact between the plate and bone, and greatly improve the blood supply and the growth and recovery of the periosteum. The main biomechanical difference from conventional plates is that the latter relies on friction at the bone-plate interface to accomplish plate compression on bone. Stability is maintained by an angularly stable interface between the screw and the plate. Because the locking internal fixator has a stable integrity, the pull-out force of the locking screw is much higher than that of the ordinary screw. It is difficult for a single screw to be pulled out or broken unless all the surrounding screws are pulled out or broken.
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