**I. Field Management Measures for June to August:**
During the months of June through August, grapevines are in the critical phase of ripening. With the onset of the rainy season, it is essential to implement proper ditch drainage to keep the groundwater level below 70 cm. This prevents waterlogging, which can lead to root rot, fruit cracking, early leaf senescence, disease outbreaks, delayed maturity, and poor fruit quality.
In the early stages of color change, it's recommended to remove 1–5 shoots from the base and regularly prune new growth. This helps reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption, improves air circulation, and ensures a light transmittance of 30%–35%. Better ventilation reduces disease risk and promotes even coloring and earlier maturation of the grapes.
During the coloring period, the demand for phosphorus and potassium increases significantly, especially potassium. If leaves show red edges or fruit color is poor, it may indicate a deficiency. To address this, apply two to three sprays of a 300-fold solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a 1000-fold solution of Yi Nong.
Disease control is crucial during this time. Common diseases include anthracnose, gray mold, brown spot, and downy mildew. Use Fuxing at 7500 times dilution, 1300 times "High World" (a local product), 2000 grams per 100 liters, and 800 times metalaxyl-manganese zinc solution. Alternate between these treatments 2–3 times depending on the disease. For insect pests like grape leaf beetles and caterpillars, use 1500-times diluted cypermethrin or 800-times dichlorvos, applying 1–2 sprays as needed.
No pesticides should be used 20 days before harvest. Harvesting must follow strict standards: sugar content above 15°Brix, dark-colored, healthy, and smooth fruits. Remove green, unripe, or damaged berries to avoid mixing different grades.
**II. Field Management Measures for August to December:**
After August, grape harvesting is complete, and the vine enters a recovery phase. Shoots begin to harden, and nutrients from the leaves gradually move back to the roots and branches. During this time, focus on the following tasks:
Pest and disease control remains important. Leaf diseases such as brown spot, round spot, and downy mildew can be managed with 50% Tuzet at 500–600 times dilution, 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc at 500mg/100ml, or a 1:0.5:180 Bordeaux mixture. Apply 1–2 times alternately. Insect pests like grape leaf beetles, yellow-shouldered melon, and caterpillars can be controlled with 1000-fold phoxim or 800–1000-fold chlorpyrifos, sprayed 1–2 times.
Foliar fertilization should be combined with pest control. Apply a 250-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution mixed with 200-fold urea, or spray Fervent Green 2 fertilizer twice.
In mid-August, deep plowing of the orchard to a depth of 15–25 cm is recommended, followed by sowing green manure crops like rapeseed, peas, and broad beans.
Tree management involves cutting back excess autumn shoots to minimize nutrient waste.
Apply autumn fertilizer (basal fertilizer) in mid-November, based on soil moisture and vineyard fertility. Dig a fertilization trench 35–45 cm deep, 40–50 cm wide, and 80–100 cm long. Apply 2.5–3.5 tons of high-quality farmyard manure per mu, along with 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate and 3 kg of zinc fertilizer, or 3–4 tons of green manure mixed with topsoil.
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