**Sources of Winter Wheat Freeze Injury and Preventive Measures**
*Category: Technical Articles | Updated: November 4, 2008, 17:29:35 | Read: 45 times*
Freezing damage is one of the most common disasters affecting winter wheat in northern growing regions. In years with low temperatures and drought, the damage tends to be more severe. Based on local farming experience, besides choosing cold-resistant varieties, there are several effective agricultural practices that farmers can adopt to protect their winter wheat from freezing during the cold season.
One important measure is proper top-dressing. For fields that were under-fertilized before planting, applying a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium before winter can help strengthen the wheat plants. This practice increases the sugar content in the tillers, which enhances the plant's ability to withstand cold stress. Phosphorus, in particular, plays a key role in promoting root development, regulating nutrient and water balance, and improving cold resistance. Therefore, it’s crucial to apply sufficient phosphate fertilizer. However, excessive nitrogen should be avoided, as it can cause weak, leggy growth, making the plants more vulnerable to frost.
Another effective technique is covering the wheat fields with soil or straw manure. This helps create an insulating layer over the young plants, stabilizing soil temperature and reducing temperature fluctuations. The organic material also absorbs more sunlight, which aids in warming the field and providing nutrients for the wheat to recover in spring. The best time to apply this cover is when the wheat stops growing. A layer of about 3 cm thick is recommended, and the ridges should be cleared in early spring to encourage regrowth. It’s ideal to use well-decomposed manure, such as sheep or horse dung, which provides better insulation. Studies show that covered fields are about 2°C warmer than uncovered ones.
Plowing and soil suppression is another method to prevent freezing. By using a cultivator to loosen and compact the soil, farmers can improve moisture retention and reduce the risk of frost damage. This is especially important in clay soils, where timely cultivation combined with winter irrigation can help warm up the field. In dry hilly areas, it’s essential to plow and suppress the soil promptly to ensure good contact between the wheat roots and the soil. However, care must be taken not to suppress salty, sandy, or waterlogged areas, as this may worsen salinity, erosion, or soil compaction.
Finally, applying human urine during winter has proven to be an effective traditional method. From the start of winter until the vernal equinox, pouring collected human waste directly into the wheat rows can help prevent freezing while also supplying nitrogen. A typical application rate is 500–800 kg per acre. However, this method should not be used on saline land, as it can increase soil salinity. Also, avoid applying urine when there is snow or frost, as it may lower the temperature and harm the seedlings.
These practices, when applied correctly, can significantly reduce the risk of winter wheat freezing and improve overall crop resilience. Farmers are encouraged to combine these techniques based on local conditions for the best results.
Pelvic External Fixation
There are two kinds of external fixations for pelvic fractures, namely temporary fixation and therapeutic fixation.
Temporary fixation depends on on-site assistance. Assuming that the patient has serious open injury, severe hemorrhagic shock, and serious fracture dislocation, the rescue personnel will provide temporary external fixation support to maintain the stability of the pelvis, reduce secondary injuries, and correct the continuous aggravation of hemorrhagic loss on the scene. The therapeutic external fixation stent is used to correct the dislocation of the fracture through routine examination after admission, evaluation of the injury, and external fixation installation through treatment, maintain the relative stability of the fracture, create a very quiet environment for the fracture healing, and lay the foundation for the healing of the fracture. External fixation is an important method for pelvic fractures.
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