Corn is a high-yield crop that requires significant amounts of nutrients to thrive. It has a high tolerance for water but demands balanced fertilization to achieve optimal production. On average, corn absorbs approximately 200 kg of nitrogen per 2.2 kg of grain produced, with an average of 2.57 kg per 100 kg of yield. For phosphorus (Pâ‚‚Oâ‚…), the average absorption is between 1-1.5 kg, and for potassium (Kâ‚‚O), it ranges from 1.52 to 4.00 kg, averaging around 2.14 kg. The higher the yield, the more nutrients the plant requires.
One of the key principles in corn fertilization is understanding its nutrient needs and applying fertilizers accordingly. Corn is highly sensitive to nitrogen, and on top of organic manure and phosphate, applying urea at a rate of 3–10 kg per acre can significantly boost yields—each kilogram of urea can result in an increase of 6–11 kg of corn. Although corn doesn't require much phosphorus, it is still essential, especially during the three-leaf stage. A deficiency at this point can lead to poor growth and empty stalks. Zinc is also crucial, as its application can increase yields by about 15%. The general principle of fertilizing corn involves using organic manure as a base, supplementing with nitrogen, applying phosphate, increasing potassium, and adding micronutrients like zinc.
Determining the right amount of fertilizer depends on soil fertility and yield goals. On medium-fertility land, it’s recommended to apply 5 kg of nitrogen, 2 kg of phosphorus, and 3 kg of potassium per 100 kg of corn. This calculation is simple: multiply the expected yield by the required fertilizer per 100 kg. However, adjustments should be made based on local conditions and crop varieties. For example, a typical reference for a mu (approximately 667 square meters) of corn includes 1500 kg of farmyard manure, 9–11 kg of nitrogen, 4–5 kg of phosphorus, 5–6 kg of potassium, and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer.
Fertilization methods vary depending on the type of corn and growing conditions. For spring corn, it's common to apply base fertilizer by mixing phosphorus, potassium, and zinc with 2–3 kg of urea and placing it directly in the planting hole. The remaining nitrogen is used as top dressing later. In mountainous areas where mulch film is used, more nutrients are needed due to increased growth. In this case, 70% of the nitrogen is applied as base fertilizer along with phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. The method involves digging a deep furrow between two rows, placing nitrogen at the bottom, then mixing the rest of the nutrients with manure and covering them.
For seed treatment, uncoated seeds can be soaked in a solution containing zinc fertilizer for 1–2 hours before planting. Farmers may also mix animal manure with urea and place it near the seedlings to promote early growth. Top dressing is critical at different growth stages. For spring corn, nitrogen should be applied in two stages: one-third at the jointing stage (6–7 leaves) and another third at the tasseling stage (10–11 leaves). Summer corn, especially when planted with white seeds, requires a lighter early application and heavier later. Jointing fertilizer should account for two-thirds of total nitrogen, while tasseling accounts for the remaining third.
Transplanting corn requires careful top-dressing. After transplanting, farmers can mix 10 kg of urea into human excrement and apply it to the roots. Later, another 15 kg of urea is added during the trumpet stage. For plastic-mulched corn, since the base fertilizer lasts longer, only 30% of the nitrogen is applied once during the bell mouth stage, typically by placing fertilizer in holes between plants. These practices ensure that the crop receives the right nutrients at the right time, maximizing yield and efficiency.
Flame Retardant Net,Fire-Retardant Insect Screen,Flame Retardant Climate Screen,Shading Aluminum Thermal Screen
Changzhou Green Nets Co.,Ltd. , https://www.czglnets.com